DIET PILLS/PSYCHOSIS
Diet pills containing phentermine and diethylpropion hydrochloride are felt responsible for at least two cases of acute paranoid psychosis in women whose physicians had prescribed the medications. Over a six-year-period the women have suffered typical paranoid schizophrenia, despite having stopped the use of the pills. (Canadian Medical Association Journal 129:1077-1078, November 15, 1983) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/APPENDICITIS
Several studies have suggested that low dietary fibre may be associated with appendicitis. A new study lends support to these theory, but also suggests that inadequate water intake may also be involved. Previous studies have shown appendicitis to be more common in countries where bowel movements occur an average of less than once a day. This increase in transit time (time required for the feces to pass through the bowel and be evacuated) may be due to decreased water intake.
Several children who developed appendicitis had suffered an infectious disease such as flu, bad cold, mumps, chickenpox, or tonsillitis in the two months prior to the attack of acute appendicitis. (Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 38A:126-131, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

MIGRAINES/FOODS
Joel R. Saper, M.D., Director of the Michigan Headache and Neurological Institute at Ann Arbor reports that chocolate, aged cheese, alcohol products, milk and milk products, monosodium glutamate, nitrite-containing foods (hot dogs, sandwich meats, etc.), wheat, oranges, eggs, tea, coffee, beef, corn, cane sugar, yeast, mushrooms, and peas are common causes of migraine headaches. Dr. Saper states that eliminating these foods from the diet may be ineffective unless the patient also avoids such main causes of frequent, severe migraine as ergotamines, tobacco smoke, and oral contraceptive steroids. (Patient Care, April 15, 1984, p. 151 Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW CALORIE DIETS/CANCER/LONGEVITY
Dr. Robert A. Good, president and director of Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York reported that extensive investigations with laboratory animals have demonstrated that a low calorie diet reduces cancer risk and prolongs life. By restricting calories from the time of weaning, they were able to double or triple the lifespan of the experimental rats. Dr. Good emphasizes that the fact that for best results the caloric restriction must begin early in life.
The incidence of malignancies in the experimental animals, normally 90 percent in breeding females, and 60-80 percent in unbred females dropped to zero.
"Everything that I have ever really understood in these mice is directly applicable to man," says Dr. Good. "We already know that females who are extremely overweight have 8 to 10 times the incidence of endometrial cancer than females of normal weight." (Medical Tribune 21(8)8, February 27, 1980) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/EXERCISE PERFORMANCE
Athletes often take a high sugar snack prior to an athletic event in the belief that it will give them increased stamina. A study done at Montana State University revealed that the opposite is true. Athletes given sugar before exercise reached exhaustion 25 percent sooner than if they took a sugar-free, caffeine-free beverage before the exercise. (The Physician and Sportsmedicine 12(4)89-91, April 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

GINGER/TURMERIC
Ginger and turmeric have demonstrated the ability to cause chromosome breakage and disintegration. The process could change a normal cell into a cancer cell, or cause the developing embryo to become deformed. (Cytologica 41:591-595, 1976) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR IN "UNSWEETENED" APPLE JUICE
Studies done at the request of a Boston newspaper, The Boston Herald American, showed that 35 - 70 percent of the sugar in so- called "unsweetened" apple juices may be added by the processors. Three brands, Johnny Appleseed's Veryfine, Mott's Natural Style, and Red Cheek Apple Juice were found to be unsweetened. (Boston Herald American, February 11, 1979) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/FATAL PROSTATE CANCER
The use of milk, cheese, eggs and meat has been associated with the risk of fatal prostate cancer in a new Loma Linda study. The addition of each of the animal products to the diets of the persons studied resulted in an increased risk of prostate cancer. The same study revealed that obesity also increases the risk. More than 6,000 persons were followed for over 20 years to obtain the results of this study. (American Journal of Epidemiology 120(2)244-250, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA/DIET
Polish scientists report that 13 leukemic children have responded well to a low-protein diet free from purine. Meats are high in purines. (Science News 89:423, May 28, 1966) Copyright Phylis Austin

PREGNANCY/UNDERWEIGHT MOTHERS
Underweight mothers have more complications in childbirth than normal weight mothers, and are more likely to have premature deliveries. The rate of primary cesarean sections, midforceps delivery, extended medial episiotomy and postpartum endometritis was increased in the study of 100 women who were 20 to 40 percent underweight. The premature delivery rate was 23 percent, compared to 11 percent for normal weight women. Postpartum endometritis was twice as common in the underwent women. However, the underweight women showed a one percent rate of toxemia, compared to a 8.1 percent rate in controls. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 94:595-596, February 15, 1966) Copyright Phylis Austin

VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
A study conducted at the request of the Office of the Quartermaster of the United States Army showed no demonstrable beneficial effect from vitamin supplements. The subjects were divided into groups and given vitamins or placebos. They continued their regular diet and daily activities, keeping a log of appetite, energy level, gas, indigestion and abdominal pain. The same beneficial results were noted in the placebo group as in the vitamin group. (Journal of the American Medical Association 126:823, November 25, 1944) Copyright Phylis Austin

VARICOSE VEINS/EXERCISE/DIET
Dr. Robert May, a specialist in circulatory problems and surgery reports that a brisk 15 minute walk four times a day, and sufficient fiber in the diet will be of great benefit to patients with varicose veins.
Walking assists the calf muscles to pump the blood that collects in the varicose veins back up to the heart. Swimming, simple leg exercises, and going barefoot all assist to stimulate circulation. Knee-high stockings, sunbathing, hot baths, or sitting too long all reduce blood flow. Dr. May recommends showers instead of tub baths, the shower finished off with a cold spray to the legs.
Inadequate fiber in the diet produces thick stools and puts pressure on the pelvic veins. (Medical Tribune 26(8)2, February 27, 1980) Copyright Phylis Austin

WHOLE FOODS FOR WHOLE PEOPLE by Brooks and Lucy Fuller.
The third edition of this popular cookbook is revised and enlarged. General nutrition and health principles, suggestions on appetite control, food preservation, sprouting and menu planning are all discussed. A first-rate instruction manual, WHOLE FOODS FOR WHOLE PEOPLE will be invaluable to the person who is thinking about becoming a vegetarian, and even long-time vegetarians will learn something new from it. (Available from Family Health Publications, 5070 Hope Road, Hope, MI 48628. $10.95 plus $2.50 shipping and handling.) Copyright Phylis Austin

PSORIASIS/DIET
Diary products, meat, eggs, and poultry are all high in arachidonic acid, a substance broken down by the body into various chemical substances, one of which induces swelling and redness of psoriasis lesions. Persons with psoriasis should use a diet free of these substances. (Cutis 34(5)497, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/SKELETAL MUSCLE
Diets with severe caloric restriction may induce metabolic and structural variations in skeletal muscles. Two weeks on an extremely low calorie diet are sufficient to induce unwanted changes. These changes include an increase in calcium outside muscle cells, a decrease in muscle enzymes and some of the amino acids, and atrophy of the muscle cells. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39(4)503-513, 1984) A life-long change in dietary habits, leading to gradual weight loss, is the safest way to lose weight. Copyright Phylis Austin

ECLAMPSIA/UNDERWEIGHT
Underweight pregnant women are apparently at a slightly increased risk of developing eclampsia of pregnancy according to a New York study. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 64:315-318, September 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

FATS/OVARIAN CANCER
A Massachusetts study has revealed that patients with ovarian cancer use significantly more animal fats than do those who do not have ovarian cancer. Over 200 women with recently diagnosed ovarian cancer were matched for race, age and residence in this study. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 63:833-838, June 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

RICE BRAN/KIDNEY STONES
A Japanese study reveals that rice bran may be effective in the prevention of recurrent kidney stone disease. High levels of calcium in the urine are associated with a high incidence of kidney stones. This study of 70 patients demonstrated that rice bran significantly reduced urinary calcium excretion. (The Journal of Urology 132:1140-1145, December, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/GALLSTONES
Refined sugar has been shown to increase the risk of gallstone formation, particularly in young persons, even in those who are not overweight. The mechanism is not yet understood, but a high sugar intake may stimulate insulin production. Insulin stimulates the synthesis of cholesterol. A high level of cholesterol in the bile may encourage gallstone production. (British Medical Journal 288:1103-1104, April 14, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM OVERDOSE
John Krupko, M.D., clinical assistant professor of medicine at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, cautions that women who are taking calcium supplements to prevent osteoporosis should be carefully monitored lest they induce kidney stone formation or abnormally high levels of calcium. (Geriatrics 39(12)16, December, 1984) We should like to add that checking blood levels of calcium in no way reflect tissue calcium levels. Heart valves, arteries and gall bladders can show the effects of high intake of calcium while the blood shows a perfectly normal or even low blood calcium. Copyright Phylis Austin

POLYUNSATURATED FATS/BLEEDING TIMES
A diet high in polyunsaturated fats led to increased bleeding times in laboratory rats. (Journal of Physiology 349:69P, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

SORGHUM SPROUTS/CYANIDE
Sprouting has become increasingly popular in the past few years. Now a study from the Eastern Regional Research Center in Philadelphia reveals that sorghum sprouts may contain toxic levels of cyanide, and may be hazardous. (Journal of Food Science 49(3)791-793, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT LOSS/DIABETIC CONTROL
Non-insulin dependent diabetes which is poorly controlled with insulin will be easier to control if the patient loses weight. (Journal of the American Geriatric Society 33:93, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

PHYSICAL FITNESS/WEIGHT CONTROL
People who are physically fit burn calories more rapidly after a meal than do those not physically fit. Normal metabolism increases for two to three hours after eating a meal, but increases are larger in those who are physically fit, according to an Emory University study. (Metabolism 33(8)743-749, August 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON/PRENATAL SUPPLEMENTS
A study done by the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center of Denver, Colorado, reveals that iron in prenatal supplements is poorly absorbed. Iron absorption may be inhibited by calcium carbonate and/or magnesium oxide. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 61(3)356, March 1983) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGAN DIET/ASTHMA
Changing the diet to induce an change in bowel microflora may be effective in reducing asthma symptoms. A group of patients in Sweden were placed on a vegan diet (one containing no milk, eggs, meat, or animal products of any type) for a period of one year. The average patient in the study had suffered from asthma for nearly 12 years, and in about half of these patients allergy tests had not been helpful. Most of the patients had been admitted to the hospital during the past two years suffering from acute asthmatic attacks and their average number of medications at the beginning of the diet was 4.5 medications per person. Of the 35 patients, 20 of them were taking cortisone constantly and of the remaining group 7 had received cortisone at some time during the disease. The study group represented a group of patients with quite advanced disease. The diet prescribed was free of all animal products, and coffee, tea, chocolate, sugar and salt were all eliminated. Cereals were very limited but buckwheat, millet and lentils were accepted. Citrus fruits and apples were not permitted. Patients were encouraged to drink water or herbal teas, up to 1 1/2 liters every 24 hours. The patients were to spend some time every day in physical activity out of doors. Over 70 percent of the patients reported improvement or disappearance of symptoms after four months on the program, while after one year 92 percent were improved or well. The group as a whole reported a decrease in the number of asthmatic attacks and less severe symptoms in the attacks that did occur. Interestingly, many of these patients had associated diseases such as rheumatic symptoms, and they reported that these problems were lessened or cured. The group also reported a decrease in the frequency of infectious diseases they suffered. Blood pressure was decreased, vital capacity and physical working load both improved and body weight decreased. Some of the patients in the study were able to completely give up their asthma medication, and others reduced medication use to up to 50 percent of the original dose. (Journal of Asthma 22(1)45-55, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH PROTEIN DIET/ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Laboratory rats given a high protein diet demonstrated a predisposition to atherogenesis. (Nutrition Research 4:981-986, 1984) Both heart disease and cancer are related to the use of fats and animal products. Protein loading has been a known factor in cancer production; now it is being recognized as a factor in heart disease. Rich foods promote many "lifestyle" diseases. Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/COLON CANCER RISK
A study done by a group of various research institutes in the United States has revealed that Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) vegetarians have a lower rate of growth of epithelial cells in the mucosa of the colon. As cell production increases the risk of colon cancer increases. This may partially explain the lower incidence of colon cancer observed in SDA vegetarians. (Cancer Letters 26:139-144, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE/LOW FAT DIET
Women who have breast pain associated with fibrocystic breast disease may be greatly helped by the use of a low fat diet. All ten women placed on a low fat diet reported reduction in their breast pain after three months on the diet. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41(4)856, April, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTION/TOFU
Fifty cases of Yersinia Enterocolitica occurred in Washington state in late 1981 and early 1982. One patient underwent a partial colectomy (removal of the colon) and two others underwent appendectomies as a result of the gastrointestinal infection. The infection was traced to untreated spring water used by a local tofu producer. This study points out that even so-called "natural" foods may become contaminated and carry health hazards. (American Journal of Epidemiology 121(5)705-11, 1985) Generally speaking, the more simple the food and the less processed it is, the more healthful and safe the food will be. Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/DIABETES
A 21-year study of over 25,000 California Seventh-day Adventists revealed that the diabetes rate in vegetarians was only 45 percent of the United States rate in a similar study group. (American Journal of Public Health 75:507-512, 1985) Many diseases are controlled entirely or made much better by a vegetarian diet. We believe the vegetarian diet to be the most healthful diet available today. Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT LOSS DRUGS (CCK, DHEA)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and dehydroepiandrosterone or dehydroandrosterone (DHEA) are currently being advertised as weight-loss drugs. The FDA reports that the manufacturers of these drugs have been instructed to stop selling them because they have not been proven safe or effective. Cholecystokinin is a hormone produced by the body and used during the digestive process. Promoters claim that it decreases appetite, leading to weight loss. DHEA is a steroidal hormone which has been advocated for the improvement of sex life, life-extension, and weight loss. It is sometimes manufactured from human urine and it considered by the FDA to be a drug. Risks of long-term use are not yet known, nor are its short-term effects on the body. (FDA Consumer, July-August, 1985, p. 4) Copyright Phylis Austin

TELEVISION/OVERWEIGHT
A 1982 study revealed that United States children aged 6 to 12 years spent 24 hours a week watching television. A Boston study reveals that obesity increases 2 percent for every additional hour of television viewed in the 12 to 17 year old group. (Pediatrics 75(5)807-812, May, 1985) Other adverse effects of television include violent behavior in children, lowered school performance, eating between meals, and desire for products advertised on television. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/SMOKING/CROHN'S DISEASE
British researchers have discovered a link between the use of refined sugar, smoking, and Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease patients demonstrate a high intake of refined sugar and a low intake of fiber from fruits. Smoking also appears to increase the risk of Crohn's disease. (British Medical Journal 290:1786-1787, June 15, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PEPTIC ULCER
Traditionally bland, low-fiber diets have been prescribed for those suffering peptic ulcers. Newer research suggests that not only is a low-fiber diet unnecessary and ineffective for this condition, but it may be a contributing factor in producing it. Dr. T. L. Cleave, as early as 1956, stated that refined carbohydrates may be the major cause of duodenal ulcer. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY FAT/BLOOD PRESSURE
Three studies carried out in Finland have revealed that reducing the fat intake to less than 25 percent of total calories and increasing the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats may produce improvement in high blood pressure. (Internal Medicine News 18(13)25, July 1-14, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/LUPUS
Animal studies have shown that a low calorie, low fat diet is beneficial in systemic lupus erythematosus. A human study revealed that women whose lupus required corticosteroid treatment used a diet higher in fat than with milder symptoms. The authors of the report suggest that the use of fatty meats such as lamb, pork, and beef be reduced, that fried foods be entirely eliminated, and that dairy products be limited. (Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 15(1)61-69, August, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/STOMACH CANCER
A study in Greece revealed that patients with stomach cancer reported less frequent use of brown bread, lemons, oranges and raw salad vegetables such as lettuce, cucumbers and onions, and higher intakes of nuts, pasta and beans than did patients without cancer of the stomach. (International Journal of Cancer 36:291-297, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PEPTIC ULCER
Dietary risk factors for chronic peptic ulcer disease include low fiber intake, smoking, and rapid eating (American Journal of Epidemiology 122(3)546, September, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DIVERTICULAR DISEASE
For years we have recognized a relationship between dietary fiber and diverticular disease. A study carried out in Greece in 1981- 1982 reveals some interesting new observations. It was reported in 1977 that vegetarians have less diverticulosis than non-vegetarians. This study reveals that people who suffer diverticulosis eat fewer vegetables, brown breads, potatoes and fruit than do non-sufferers. Those who suffer diverticulosis reported a higher intake of meat and milk than non-sufferers. The researchers reported an almost 50-fold increase in risk in those who frequently eat meat and rarely eat vegetables. (Gut 26:544-549, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY FAT/BREAST CANCER SURVIVAL
Women who consume a diet low in fat survive longer with breast cancer than do those who use a high fat diet, according to this study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Risk of death from breast cancer increased 1.4-fold for each 1,000 g. of fat consumed per month. (110 grams is just under one-half cup) A high fat diet has already been shown to increase the risk of developing breast cancer, but this study suggests that even after a woman develops breast cancer switching to a low fat diet will prolong her life. (Journal of the National Cancer Institute 75:37-41, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

CROHN'S DISEASE/DIET
Two studies reported here suggest that Crohn's disease patients may benefit greatly from dietary treatment. Surgery, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs are all used, sometimes ineffectively, in the treatment of Crohn's disease. In these studies patients were tested for food allergies and given a diet free of foods they were sensitive to. During a 51 month follow-up period, 51 of 77 patients did well on diet alone. (The Lancet 2:177-180, July 27, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

GLUTEN/CELIAC DISEASE
Many pharmaceutical products contain gluten and may induce severe illness in persons who suffer from celiac disease who use these products without being aware that they contain gluten. (Canadian Medical Association Journal 133:114-115, July 15, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

SALT/CALCIUM/OSTEOPOROSIS
Sodium chloride (table salt) has been shown to increase calcium loss in the urine. A group of laboratory animals given salt lost more calcium in their urine than those not given salt, and had less calcium in their bones. This suggests that a high salt diet may adversely affect bone mineral levels. (Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism 10:58-62, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DIVERTICULOSIS
Diverticulosis has been considered a fiber deficiency disease. A Greek study reports that meat consumption, milk and milk products contribute the development of symptomatic diverticulosis. (Gastroenterology and Endoscopy News 37(1)1, 10, 11, January, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE
John Minton, M.D. of Ohio State University, first reported a relationship between diet and fibrocystic breast disease in 1979. He has continued to study this relationship and makes new observations in a recent report. He has shown that caffeine produces an "explosive" discharge of catecholamines, which produce large amounts of cyclic AMP and adenylate cyclase activity. Dr. Minton writes that the breasts were designed to produce milk and when they receive only part of a biochemical or hormonal stimulus to make that milk, they cannot do it, which leads to fibrocystic breast disease. Copyright Phylis Austin

PRENATAL CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS/GALLSTONES IN INFANTS
Calcium supplements during pregnancy may induce gallstones in infants and young children. The two year-old daughter of a woman given calcium carbonate and vitamin D during the last four months of the pregnancy required surgical removal of gallstones which were found to be made up entirely of calcium carbonate. This is the first case reported of pure calcium carbonate gallstones. (Journal of Pediatric Surgery 20:143-144, April, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

MEAL TIMING/WEIGHT CONTROL
A Louisiana study of 595 subjects revealed that adjustments in meal timing, with essentially no reduction in calorie intake, resulted in weight loss. Patients were told to eat their heavy meal in the morning, take a moderate lunch, and a light (or no) supper. Noon lunch was ideally the last meal of the day, but no food was to be taken after 3:00 P.M. Subjects were not permitted to go to bed for at least 8 1/2 hours after the last food of the day. All patients who followed the program lost weight. Those who ate only breakfast averaged a loss of 10 pounds per month. Those who ate breakfast, lunch, and consumed snacks lost 5 to 6 pounds a month. No adverse effects were reported on the diet plan. Patients who had been taking thyroid medication reported a reduction in their medication requirements, while diabetics who lost 30 pounds or more showed a more normal blood sugar level. Hemoglobin levels increased in subjects who lost 20 to 30 pounds. (Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society 137(6)35-38, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

RAW FOOD/BLOOD PRESSURE/WEIGHT CONTROL
A group of patients who were being treated for high blood pressure and obesity were placed on a diet in which at least 40 percent of their total intake of calories consisted of raw food. After 6.7 months the mean weight loss averaged 3.8 kg, and they demonstrated a reduction of 17.8 mm Hg in mean diastolic blood pressure. Interestingly, 80 percent of these people who consumed alcohol or smoked spontaneously stopped the use of these substances. (Southern Medical Journal 78(7)841-844, July 1985) This diet may be helpful for those who are diabetic, arthritic, or are trying to stop smoking! Copyright Phylis Austin

"PRELEUKEMIA"/ZINC SUPPLEMENTS
A Missouri man who had been taking zinc supplements in massive doses for "prostate trouble" went to his physician complaining of fatigue and generally feeling bad. Tests revealed that he was severely anemic. His physicians felt he had "preleukemia," and scheduled him for chemotherapy. It was discovered that he had been taking the zinc supplements for two years, and he was instructed to discontinue the use of the supplements. Blood tests were normal two months later. It was felt that the zinc supplements prevented proper absorption, leading to the anemia. (Tufts University Diet and Nutrition Letter 3(10)7, December, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

ANTACID TABLETS/CALCIUM
Many physicians (and antacid producers) are recommending the use of antacids as a source of calcium to prevent osteoporosis. Dr. Louis Avioli, professor of Medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis points out that the calcium may not be biologically available. Calcium cannot be absorbed in the stomach unless acid is available, and the purpose of antacids is to tie up this free acid. Antacids also contain fillers which may further hinder absorption of the calcium. (Geriatrics 41(3)22, March, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH FAT DIET/GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
Laboratory animals given a high fat diet showed a worsening of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. (Journal of Nutrition 115:1471-1476, 1985) This suggests that diabetics may profit by a low fat diet. Copyright Phylis Austin

RDA REVISIONS
The National Academy of Science has decided not to issue a revision of recommended daily allowances for nutrients because of strong differences of opinion as to what the levels should be set at. (Medical World News, November 11, 1985,p. 30). This points up the fact that even foremost students of nutrition do not understand what the requirements for nutrients actually are. It is better to trust to a reasonable diet and omit strained attempts to enrich the diet with concentrated foods, and the taking of nutrient supplements. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a disease of the brain which often leads to coma and death, maybe transmitted by animal foods. A Philadelphia study of diet in patients afflicted with the disease revealed that patients had a higher intake of roast pork, ham, hot dogs, pork chops, roast lamb, scrapple, smoked pork, liver, rare meat, and raw clams and oysters than did normal controls. (American Journal of Epidemiology 127(3)443-51, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM
David McCarron, M.D., associate head of the division of nephrology and hypertension at the Oregon Health Sciences University at Portland, Oregon, reports that dietary calcium may be more effective than calcium supplements in reducing high blood pressure. Potassium, sodium, and other nutrients in foods increased calcium absorption; supplements do not contain these substances and are not so readily absorbed. Bone repair and stabilization is apparently also better from food than from supplements. Copyright Phylis Austin

ANAL FISSURE/SITZ BATH/BRAN/LIGNOCAINE/HYDROCORTISONE OINTMENT
A study of 103 patients with acute anal fissure revealed that the patients treated with sitz baths and bran had significantly more pain relief than patients treated with lignocaine or hydrocortisone. Those treated with lignocaine had less healing than those treated with hydrocortisone or sitz baths and unprocessed bran. The authors point out that sitz baths and unprocessed bran treatment was more effective, cheaper, safer, and faster than the other methods studied. (British Medical Journal 292:1167-1169, May 3, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/LACTOSE/OSTEOPOROSIS
Lactose is required to properly digest milk sugar. Lactase deficiency and associated malabsorption of calcium may be risk factors for osteoporosis more often than is commonly recognized. A study conducted at Royal Adelaide Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia revealed lactose malabsorption in over half of the subjects tested. The authors "conclude that there is a very high incidence of both lactose and calcium malabsorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Milk and milk products may therefore not be the optimum source of calcium in these subjects." (Gastroenterology 90(5 Pt. 2)1465, May 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

CROHN'S DISEASE/CHEMICALLY PROCESSED POLYUNSATURATED FATS
A German study suggests that chemically processed, polyunsaturated fats (e.g. shortening, margarine) may play a role in the development of Crohn's disease. Researchers observed that as use of chemically processed polyunsaturated fats increased, rates of Crohn's disease increased, and that there are no areas of the world with a high incidence of Crohn's disease and low use of chemically processed polyunsaturated fats. Laboratory animals given chemically processed polyunsaturated fats developed changes consistent with the changes observed in the intestines of humans with Crohn's disease. (Gastroenterology 90(5 Pt 2)1445, May 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

PEPPER
A Houston, Texas study reveals that both red and black pepper induce bleeding of the stomach mucosa, increase shedding of parietal cells, and increase potassium loss. (Gastroenterology 90(5 Pt 2)1561, May 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/OSTEOPOROSIS
Dr. John Meuleman of the Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Gainesville, Florida, states that there is insufficient evidence to prove that calcium intake has anything to do with bone density. He observes that this theory came from a study in Yugoslavia which compared rates of fractures in two communities with different calcium intakes. A recent Iowa study revealed no difference in bone density between two communities with different calcium intakes. (Cardiovascular News, March 1986, p. 1) Copyright Phylis Austin

HEARING LOSS/DIET/NOISE/HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Studies in 1964 revealed that hearing loss is not necessarily the result of aging. Harold C. Pillsbury, Chairman of the Division of Otolaryngology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill reports that the combination of noise exposure, high blood pressure, and a diet high in fats may be responsible for the hearing loss found in aging Americans. (Journal of the American Medical Association 256(3)312, 313, July 18, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHEERIOS/BREAKFAST CEREALS/SALT
Many common breakfast cereals contain high amounts of salt. While many are searching for foods low in sugar, without artificial flavorings or colorings, they may be purchasing high sodium foods. Total and Kellogg's Cornflakes contain 280 mg of sodium per ounce, while Kix, Cheerios and Wheaties contain 315, 330, and 370 mg/oz. respectively. Copyright Phylis Austin

CAFFEINE/CALCIUM LOSS
Calcium loss via the urine is increased with the use of coffee, according to studies by Dr. Linda Massey, associate professor of human nutrition at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. In 133 of the 135 subjects in the study calcium loss doubled after caffeine use. (Modern Medicine, August 1986, p. 13, 14). Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate. Copyright Phylis Austin

ARTHRITIS/GLUTEN
A 15-year-old female with a three year history of synovitis of her knees and ankles had relief of her symptoms when she was placed on a gluten-free diet for her celiac sprue. (Journal of Rheumatology 13(1)201-204, 1986) Gluten is the elastic protein substance found in wheat, rye, barley, oatmeal and buckwheat. Copyright Phylis Austin

SPICES/METABOLIC RATE
Caffeine and methylxanthines in tea and coffee were shown in 1980 and 1981 to have a marked effect on human metabolic rates. A 1986 report reveals that the dietary intake of spices also affects metabolic rates. (Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 40C:165-168, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis has been associated with overweight. The joints undergo increased stress, which may produce or worsen symptoms. (Journal of Chronic Disease 39(4)311-319, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

PROSTATE CANCER/OBESITY/MILK/MEAT
Overweight men are again found to have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer, according to an Italian study. Men who developed prostate cancer also reported more use of milk and dairy products and meats than did healthy controls. Other studies have shown similar results, as well as a relationship between total fat intake and prostate cancer. (British Journal of Cancer 53:817-821, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

FASTING/VEGAN DIET/RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Twelve of twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis improved after being placed on a program of fasting, followed by a vegan diet (free of all animal products), free of strong spices, tea, coffee, all alcoholic beverages and refined sugars, with less pain and improved joint function. However, progression of the disease did not seem to be altered. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 15:219-223, 1986). Previously reported studies have shown the same results. Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR
What is the difference between white and brown sugar? So many health cookbooks suggest the use of brown sugar. Isn't sugar sugar?
A. Molasses, a sugar processing by-product is what gives brown sugar its color. Brown sugar is only slightly higher in nutritional value than white sugar. Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/BLOOD PRESSURE
Sugar (sucrose) administration raised blood pressure in hypertensive rats. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 155(5)1113-8, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

BODY ODOR/TOMATO JUICE
Nurses at a Colorado Veterans Administration Hospital report that patients with offensive body odors may benefit from a tomato juice bath. They add 12 to 24 ounces of tomato juice to a bath or 24 ounces to a whirlpool bath. The patient is placed in the bath for 15 minutes twice a week. For the patients who develop dry skin with baths they add two ounces of mineral oil to the bath. (American Journal of Nursing 18:, January 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

PSORIASIS/RICE DIET
The rice diet (rice and fruit) developed for high blood pressure patients, apparently improves psoriasis, even in patients who have been previously treated unsuccessfully with various medications. (North Carolina Medical Journal 47(5)253-255, May, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/CANCER
A multi-nation study of diet and breast, prostate, colon and ovary cancer reveals that breast cancer is associated with milk and meat use, ovarian and prostate cancer with milk use, and colon cancer with meat use. Prostate cancer is also associated with animal fat. (Cancer 58:2363-2371, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS/DIET
A study carried out in Sweden suggests that a low-iodine diet may be helpful for patients suffering from dermatitis herpetiformis, a skin disease characterized by itching, blister-like lesions and small elevations. (Internal Medicine News 19(20)32, October 15-31, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

PASSIVE SMOKING/BIRTH WEIGHT
It has been known for some time that infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had lower birth weights. Now a study reveals that smoking fathers have a very similar effect. In a study of 500 women it has been shown that the average infant birth weight decreased 120g per pack of cigarettes, pipe or cigar equivalent, smoked per day by the father. (The Lancet, August 23, 1986, p. 415-417) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/URINARY STONES
A review of the influence of diet on urinary stone formation reminds of the importance of adequate fluid intake. Tap water should be taken freely throughout the day, with sufficient volume taken prior to bedtime. Coffee, tea, and alcohol should be eliminated from the diet. Coffee and tea both increase uric acid excretion.
Vegetarians eliminate less oxalic and uric acid and less calcium, and have lower rates of urinary stones. Fiber as found in whole grain breads, vegetables and fruits lower urinary calcium excretion. An increase in animal protein correlates with an increase in urinary stone production.
Excessive protein consumption increases uric acid, oxalic acid and calcium excretion, which may lead to stone formation. Urinary stone formers have been found to consume more fat than similar subjects without stones. As the use of fats and oils increase in a population so does the incidence of urinary stones.
Sugar and sodium (salt) intake increase calcium and oxalic acid excretion, a risk factor for kidney stones. Milk, cheese, mineral waters with high calcium levels, and other high calcium foods should be avoided by those who form calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones. (Urologic Research 14:283-288, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE/EYE CHANGES
A study carried out in the Republic of China revealed that individuals on a strict vegetarian diet (no meat, fish, milk, eggs, and alcohol or tobacco) have less high blood pressure than persons consuming the typical non-vegetarian diet. Retinal arteriosclerosis was much less common in the vegetarians (19.8 percent vs. 42.9 percent). Degenerative disease of the retina of the eye was less common in vegetarians. In those vegetarians who did have abnormalities of the eyes, the changes were much less profound than those in non-vegetarians. (Medical Tribune 27(32)3, 33, November, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
A study performed at Howard University in Washington D. C. revealed that the use of pork, bacon, hot dogs, sausages, beer, malted liquor and champaign, as well as cigarettes, increases the risk of cancer of the esophagus. (Nutrition Research 6:905-912, August, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN/DIET
A British study revealed that low water intake is a risk factor for the development of appendicitis in children. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 41:316-318, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON-FOLATE SUPPLEMENTS/ZINC DEFICIENCY
Iron supplements are routinely given to pregnant woman despite the fact that their drop in hemoglobin is typically due to increased plasma volume and they are not really iron deficient. Folate supplements may also be given. Zinc deficiency is common in pregnant women in London and it has been shown in a recent study that iron-folate supplements decrease zinc absorption. Zinc, found in many foods, is often lost during processing. Zinc and iron complete for absorption in the intestine; high levels of iron inhibit zinc absorption. Folate supplements, even without iron, produced a 50 percent reduction in urinary zinc levels. Low zinc levels and high folate-iron supplementation have been associated with congenital malformations, fetal distress, and pregnancy complications. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45:122-125, 1987). Copyright Phylis Austin

FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS
Fish oil supplements are being widely touted as effective protection against heart disease. Dr. Garret A. Fitzgerald, a Vanderbilt University clinical pharmacologist, points out that solid data substantiating this are still inconclusive, and that the safety of long-term use of fish oil supplements is unknown. Dr. Fitzgerald points out that Eskimos with a diet high in fish oil suffered a greater incidence of stroke than did a Denmark population with a lower fish oil intake. Furthermore, it is possible that the active lifestyle of Eskimos may be a contributing factor in lower coronary artery disease rates. Some individuals on fish oil supplements have developed dangerous reductions in platelet counts. (Medical World News 28(4)38,39, February 23, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/TYPE II DIABETES
A National Institutes of Health panel concluded that caloric restriction is basic to the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. A low calorie diet lowers blood glucose levels. (Internal Medicine News 20(3)3, 39, February 1-14, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/BONE STRENGTH
Large doses of calcium may decrease bone strength. The calcium to phosphorus ratio is generally one-to-one, but large calcium supplements alter the ratio and may produce weakening of the bones. High calcium levels also interfere with vitamin K function and may lead to internal bleeding. (Nutrition News 43(11)345, 1985) Women taking calcium in hope of preventing osteoporosis should be aware of the associated risks. Copyright Phylis Austin

ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS/WEIGHT CONTROL
An American Cancer Society study of 80,000 women reveals that people who use artificial sweeteners in an attempt to lose weight are actually more likely to gain weight than those who do not use the sweeteners. Of those who gained weight, artificial sweetener users gained more weight than a control group not using artificial sweeteners. (Preventive Medicine 15(2)195-202, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

BODY WEIGHT/LONGEVITY
Americans whose weight is at least 10 percent below the United States average appear to be lower risk of death than are heavier individuals. (Journal of the American Medical Association 257(3)353-358, January 16, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/CHOLESTEROL
A Loma Linda University study demonstrates that an odor-modified garlic extract is effective in reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein (LDL),while elevating high density lipoprotein (HDL). Triglycerides and cholesterol were not lowered in persons with already low levels. (Nutrition Research 7:139-149, February, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

PEPPER/GASTRIC BLEEDING/GASTRIC SECRETION
Pepper, both black and red, can cause gastric bleeding and increase gastric secretion, according to Dr. Brent M. Myers, of the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Houston, Texas (Internal Medicine News 20(14)29, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/MENARCHE
Menarche (beginning of menstrual periods) is influenced by diet. A study from Loma Linda University reveals that meat eaters have menarche six-months earlier than vegetarians. Those who used meat analogues had menarche 9 months later than those who did not use meat analogues. The liberal use of beans and other legumes, grains and nuts was associated with a 5 to month delay in menarche when compared to a group which used these foods less freely. Early onset of menarche is known to be a risk factor for breast cancer. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between the use of animal products and early menstruation. (Nutrition Research 7(5)471-480, May 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS/OMEGA 3/DIABETIC CONTROL
Fish oil supplements, which have been widely discussed in the medical literature as an effective means of lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels, cause a sharp rise in plasma glucose and a decrease in insulin secretion in diabetes. Adverse effects from omega 3 supplements occur in both type I and II diabetics, causing the researchers to urge that diabetics discontinue the use of fish oil supplements.
Plasma glucose levels were increased an average of 22 to 29 percent at fasting levels, as well as at 30 to 60, 90 and 120 minutes.
The researchers point out that about one-third of the estimated 10 million type-II diabetics in the U.S. do not yet know that they have diabetes, and if they elect to take fish oil supplements for other reasons may suffer decreased glucose tolerance. Food sources of omega 3 are apparently well tolerated; only supplements cause problems. (Medical Tribune 28(26)1, 12, 13, July 8, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

RAW GARLIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM
Dr. Osama Kandil of the Akbar Clinic and Research Institute at Panama City, Florida reported at the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, that eating raw garlic increased the body's natural killer cell activity, enabling the body to more effectively fight off disease. Kyolic capsules, which provide an odor-free way of taking garlic, increased natural killer cell activity by 156 percent, while the raw garlic enhanced killer cell activity 140 percent.
The volunteers in the group were given 0.5 g/kg of body weight of raw garlic on a daily basis for three weeks and the volunteers who took Kyolic took a daily of 1,800 mg. (Internal Medicine News 20(12)49, June 15-30, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/COLON CANCER
Diallyl sulfide, found in garlic, inhibits the development of colon cancer in laboratory animals. (Carcinogenesis 8(3)487-489, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)
Over 150 symptoms have been attributed to premenstrual syndrome (PMS). There are four different subtypes of PMS: PMT-A with symptoms of nervous tension, irritability and anxiety; PMT-H with breast congestion and pain, bloating, weight gain, and abdominal tenderness, and sometimes edema; PMT-C with increased appetite and craving for sweets, which is followed by headache, heart palpitations, fatigue and fainting, and PMT-D with symptoms of depression, suicidal thoughts and withdrawal. Extensive studies have been done on nutrition in each of these types of PMS. Women who suffer PMT-A symptoms consumed the most dairy products and proteins. These women ate three times more animal protein than vegetable protein. Women who suffer premenstrual tension syndrome were shown to consume 200 percent more sodium (salt) and 100 mg less magnesium than did normal woman.
PMT-A women were shown to consume excessive amounts of calcium, particularly from dairy foods. Calcium hinders the absorption and use of magnesium. Patients with premenstrual tension syndrome have been shown to have low levels of magnesium in their red blood cells.
Normal women take in twice as much zinc and iron as PMS sufferers. Some acne patients have been shown to have low zinc levels, and acne may worsen prior to the onset of the menstrual period.
Women who suffer PMT-D should avoid smoking, as it is known to depress estrogen levels. Foods containing methylxanthines (coffee, chocolate, tea, colas) should avoided because of their physiological effects on the breasts. Women with PMT-C symptoms should carefully avoid alcohol, which causes a drop in blood glucose. (Journal of Reproductive Medicine 32:405-422, June, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY FIBER/BLOOD PRESSURE
High-fiber diets have been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure. A group of patients with high blood pressure were given 7 grams of additional fiber per day over a three-month period. They showed reductions in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels, and lower cholesterol levels. (The Lancet 2:622-623, September 12, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGAN DIET/MENTAL STATUS/LIVER DISEASE
A study carried out in Sweden revealed that a vegan (animal-product free) diet improved the mental status in a group of patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. These patients were given a vegan diet for one week, after which psychological tests were carried out, and compared with tests given after one week of a meat-containing diet. The researchers feel that a longer trial on an animal protein-free diet may show greater mental improvement. Other studies have revealed that patients on an animal protein-free diet handle protein more efficiently despite their liver disease (Clinical Nutrition 6:169-174, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGAN DIET/PREECLAMPSIA
A vegan diet (free of all animal products) is not only adequate to maintain a normal pregnancy, but may decrease the risk of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia has previously been associated with a diet high in fast foods with high saturated fat levels, and with rapid gain in weight. (Southern Medical Journal 80(6)692-697, June, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

PEPPER/GASTRIC BLEEDING/GASTRIC SECRETION
Pepper, both black and red, can cause gastric bleeding and increase gastric secretion, according to Dr. Brent M. Myers, of the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Houston, Texas (Internal Medicine News 20(14)29, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

COFFEE CONSUMPTION/LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Mothers who consume coffee during pregnancy may produce a growth retardation in their fetuses. As caffeine consumption increases so does the risk of growth retardation. (American Journal of Epidemiology 126(5)813-21, 1987) Tea, colas, or caffeine-containing drugs may produce the same effects. Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/VITAMIN D LEVELS
A study from the Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and the Perinatal Research Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio and Department of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health has revealed that women who eat a vegetarian diet have higher levels of 1,25-didyroxy-vitamin D than meat eaters. The researchers focused special attention on women who were breastfeeding their children. They feared that their diet was not adequate to provide sufficient vitamin D for their infants, as their diet was mostly whole grain cereals and vegetables. The women in this study generally avoided meats, eggs, and dairy products. Vitamin D is necessary for proper absorption of calcium and it was thought that these women, on what is considered as a low calcium diet, may be unable to give their infants the recommended calcium. Furthermore, a vegetarian diet containing large amounts of grains may be high in phytate, which had until recently been thought to hinder calcium absorption. The researchers conclude that the body is able to adapt to varying dietary and physiologic conditions, making the necessary adjustment to provide adequate calcium levels. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 70(6)870-874, December 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIZZINESS/DIET
Patients with abnormal glucose tolerance and high triglycerides and cholesterol levels may suffer episodes of dizziness. Dr. Joel F. Lehrer, clinical associate professor of otolaryngology at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, has observed that many of these patients responded to a diet for hypoglycemia. He points out that the glucose tolerance test is inadequate to diagnose the condition. He states that if a patient is overweight or has high triglyceride levels without evidence of head injury or inner ear problems a trial on the hypoglycemia diet may be worthwhile. (Archives of Internal Medicine 146:1497-1500, August, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

NATURAL SNACK FOODS
Many people buy their snack foods from the health food store rather than the grocery store, in the belief that they are more healthful. A study carried out by the editors of Environmental Nutrition reveals that this is not necessarily true. They purchased ten health food and ten grocery store snack items and compared them. They found similar amounts of iron, calcium, protein, vitamins and calories in the two groups. (All of these products provide only approximately 2 percent (or less) of the recommended daily allowance for the nutritients -- not very nutritious foods.) Despite similar nutritional values the natural snacks cost about 30 percent more.
Some carob products contain more than twice the fat and calories of similar chocolate products, and saturated fats (coconut, palm, and palm kernel oil) were as common in the health food store purchases as in the comparison group. Foods proclaiming that they contain no cholesterol may contain saturated fats, also involved in heart disease.
Manufacturers sometimes list nutritional information for portions other than the package. For example, a three ounce bag of chips may appear to have less fat and calories if the nutritional information provided is for a one-and -one-half ounce portion. (Environmental Nutrition, January, 1988, p. 6) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PANCREATIC CANCER
Fried and grilled meats, other fried or grilled foods, margarine, and cigarette smoking all increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Frequent use of fruits, particularly citrus fruit, and vegetables, particularly carrots, decreased the risk. (America Journal of Epidemiology 124(6)894-902, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

CAFFEINE USE DURING PREGNANCY/LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Mothers who consume caffeine, whether in the form of coffee, tea, colas or various drugs, run the risk of delivering an infant with low birth weight. A study from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health reveals that caffeine may cause growth retardation. (American Journal of Epidemiology 126(5)813-21, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

BLOOD SUGAR/REFINED FOODS
Processed, high sugar, fiber depleted foods induced higher blood sugar levels than did unrefined, natural foods. Blood sugar levels in healthy subjects rose higher after the consumption of potato chips, sodas, or a candy bar than after peanuts, raisins, or bananas. The researchers feel that these sugars are more rapidly absorbed, making it more difficult for the body to handle the sugar. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45:86-91, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

GLUTEN/SCHIZOPHRENIA
Numerous studies have suggested a relationship between gluten intake and schizophrenia. Two Texas physicians report that a man placed on a gluten-free diet to treat his celiac disease showed marked improvement in his mental symptoms. (Gastroenterology and Endoscopy News 38(4)9, April, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

HOME BLOOD SUGAR MONITORING
Individuals who use reagent-strips to measure their blood sugar levels at home may obtain inaccurate readings if their hemoglobin levels are excessively low (anemia) or excessively high. A person who is anemic may show incorrectly high levels of blood glucose, while a person with an excessively high hematocrit may get readings which are too low. (Medical Journal of Australia 147:286-288, September 21, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET
David Ryde, a general practitioner in London, has a special interest in the human diet. He observed that vegetarians report less discomfort and less sleepiness following overeating than do meat eaters. He notes that there may be a relationship between meat eating and peptic ulcers, as both vegans and vegetarians have fewer ulcers than meat eaters. An electrologist reports that women who have excessive body hair will often notice a decrease in the amount of hair if they adopt a vegetarian diet. She observed that many of her patients developed this excessive hairiness while on contraceptive pills. Gallstones are about half as frequent in vegetarians as in meat eaters. Late onset diabetes occurs less frequently in vegetarians, as does renal calcium stone formation. An overweight patient with a chronic varicose ulcer had complete healing of his ulcer when he adopted a vegetarian diet. An elderly man who had breast tenderness over a five-year period noticed a clearing of symptoms within four days of adopting a near vegan diet. (The Practitioner 232:415-418, April 8, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS/ARTHRITIS
Calcium supplements may induce symptoms of arthritis in sensitive patients. A 67-year-old woman developed pain, swelling and redness in her right thumb after she began taking calcium supplements. Symptoms cleared within about two weeks after the calcium supplement was discontinued. She was later started on Os-Cal as a calcium supplement, and within two weeks the symptoms recurred, again clearing with the cessation of the calcium intake. Some people may be very sensitive to calcium supplements. (Canadian Medical Association Journal 138:208, February 1, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIABETES MELLITUS/REFINED FOODS
The use of refined, fiber-depleted foods may increase the risk of diabetes development. White rice may be diabetogenic. Ancient Indians cured diabetes by a diet of barley and beans, eliminating the use of white rice. Both barley and beans are sources of dietary fiber. A 1983 study reported that prolonged use of low-fiber, starchy foods may predispose to diabetes, while a 1978 study suggested that high-fiber starch foods prevented the development of diabetes. It is known that a high-fiber diet improves blood sugar control. (Human Nutrition: Food Sciences and Nutrition 41F:145-152, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/AIDS
Garlic has been known through the ages to have medicinal properties. A recent review of studies points out that garlic may be beneficial in cancer, heavy metal poisoning, high blood pressure, infectious diseases, high levels of fat in the blood, immune deficiency states, and a number of other diseases. The authors of this study suggest that garlic may be helpful in the treatment of AIDS. (Journal of the National Medical Association 80(4)439-445, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

BLACK PEPPER/CANCER
Black pepper administered to laboratory animals induced cancer formation. These tumors were located primarily in the liver, with secondary tumor formation in the spleen, ileum, stomach and kidneys. (Oncology 45:247-252, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

CAFFEINE/CALCIUM EXCRETION
Caffeine intake induces the body to lose calcium, which may predispose to osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that the intake of caffeine causes decreased bone mineral levels in adult women. (Nutrition Reviews 46:232-234, June 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Seventy-one percent of a group of rheumatoid arthritis patients placed on a diet free from milk, cereals, pulses, and non-vegetarian protein sources reported significant improvement in their symptoms. (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47:69-72, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/BACK PAIN
Physicians at Saint David's Community Hospital in Austin, Texas, report that a diet high in complex carbohydrates, low in protein, fat and calories helps to control back pain. The diet, combined with exercise and therapy, proved helpful to 70 percent of the patients in their study. (RN, February 1988, p. 64, 66) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/BOILED MILK
Calcium in boiled milk is less readily absorbed by the body according to two researchers from Scotland. (Medical Tribune 29(34)2, December 8, 1988) This suggests that milk may not be as good a source of calcium as had been previously believed. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY/VEGAN DIET
Diabetic neuropathy symptoms of sharp, stabbing, burning and/or shooting pains were entirely relieved in 17 of 21 patients placed on an animal-product free (vegan), unrefined diet, and exercise at Weimar Institute in Weimar, California. Improvement was noticed in four days in some patients. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(3)Suppl 926, September 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

BREAST PAIN/DIET
A group of 21 women with a five year history of premenstrual breast pain, discomfort and swelling, reported improvement in their symptoms within six months after being placed on a low fat diet. They were instructed to use only 15% of their total caloric intake as fat, and to increase the use of complex (unrefined) carbohydrates to replace the fat calories. (The Lancet 2:127-132, July 16, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/OVARIAN CANCER
Daily meat and/or fish consumption increases the risk of ovarian cancer, over and above other known risk factors. Daily mean consumption increases the risk 19.2 percent, according to a study from Japan. (Japanese Journal of Cancer Research (Gann) 79:997- 1004, September, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

BAKER'S YEAST/CROHN'S DISEASE
A yeast-free diet may be helpful to individuals who suffer from Crohn's disease. A British study revealed that Crohn's sufferers often have antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). (British Medical Journal 297:1105-1106, October 29, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

KIDNEY STONES/OVERWEIGHT/ANIMAL PROTEIN
An Italian study reveals an association between obesity and kidney stones. Previous studies have shown a relationship between high animal protein consumption and kidney stones. It is possible that this high protein intake is also responsible for obesity in kidney stone patients. (Urological Research 16(3)201, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHOLESTEROL/VEGAN DIET
A vegan diet (free of all animal products) lowered cholesterol levels according to a study from Norway. Significant changes were demonstrated after only 12 days on the vegan diet. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(3 Suppl)920, September 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA/FRUIT JUICE
Parents who urge their children to use excessive amounts of fruit juices may induce chronic diarrhea, which may even retard growth. Up to 15 percent of children suffer episodes of chronic non- specific diarrhea, whose cause has not been understood.
Apple juice may contain as much sugar as a soft drink. Sorbitol, a sugar in juice, is known to produce diarrhea and stomach cramps if taken in large amounts. Dr. Robert Essenman, chief of pediatric gastroenterology at the Hamilton, Ontario McMaster University Medical Center, instructs parents to limit milk intake to no more than 24 ounces a day, and fruit juice to 6 to 8 ounces. Water may be taken freely. (Medical Tribune 29(19)12, July 14, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

TOBACCO/OBESITY/BREAST CANCER SPREAD
Women who use tobacco or are overweight are more likely to have early spread of breast cancer according to a University of California at Davis study. Habitual smokers were more likely to have lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis of the disease. (Cancer 62:429-435, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DYSLEXIA/SUGAR INTAKE
A study done at Woodland hall Academy in Tallahassee, Florida, demonstrated that dyslexics on a high sugar diet had less control of eye movements than when on a low sugar diet. The authors conclude that a low sugar diet may improve learning processes for dyslexics. (Journal of the American Optometric Association 60(1)10- 13, January 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH FAT DIET DURING PREGNANCY/CANCER IN OFFSPRING
Dr. Bruce Walker, professor of anatomy at Michigan State University, reported at the meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, that mothers who take a high-fat diet during pregnancy may increase their child's chance of later developing cancer of the reproductive system. Over half of the offspring of rats given a high fat diet developed reproductive system tumors, while only 21 percent of those on a low fat diet did so.
These studies have important implications for humans as women are often encouraged by their physicians to take diets high in whole milk, cheese, eggs, and red meat during pregnancy, and these foods are all high in fat. (Montgomery Advertiser, May 25, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

CATARACTS/LOW FAT DIET
A low calorie diet may help prevent the development of cataracts. Allan Taylor, Ph.D., Director of the Laboratory for Nutrition and Cataract Research at the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston, put a group of mice on a low calorie diet and compared them to a group on a regular diet. After 14 months nearly all the mice on the regular diet showed some signs of cataract formation, while about one-third of those on the low calorie diet showed no indication of cataracts. (Longevity 1(10)12, July, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM INTAKE/FETAL DEVELOPMENT
Laboratory mice given high calcium diets before becoming pregnant produced offspring with lower birth weights and increased rates of skeletal abnormalities than did a control group of mice given a normal diet. This suggests that the practice of encouraging pregnant women to take a high calcium diet or calcium supplements may not be best. The researchers suggest that "calcium should be considered an experimental drug until definite studies conclusively show efficacy and demonstrate safety." (Journal of Canadian Dental Association 55(2)129-133, February, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

PASSIVE SMOKING/LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS
Infants of mothers who are exposed to the cigarette smoke of other people are at increased risk of having low birth weight. (The Lancet 2:54-55, July 1, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

LACTOSE (MILK SUGAR)/OVARIAN CANCER
Lactose intake may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. A worldwide survey of ovarian cancer showed highest rates in countries where milk consumption was highest. (The Lancet 2:66-71, July 8, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

TUMOR GROWTH/LOW IRON DIET
A diet low in iron may hinder tumor growth according to a report from the Jefferson Medical College and Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Laboratory animals in their study were divided into two groups; one group received a normal diet, and the other received a low iron diet. After the animals on a low iron diet developed low blood iron levels both groups of animals were injected with cancer cells. Both groups of animals developed cancers, but the group on a low iron diet had smaller, more slowly growing tumors. The researchers observed that the more iron the animals received the faster their tumors grew. (Research Resources Reporter 13(11)5, 6, November 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/PAIN RELIEF
Garlic may be more effective than aspirin in providing pain relief. Many traditional folk medicines instruct patients to rub garlic into a wound for pain relief. Garlic is known to have anti- inflammatory properties. However, fresh garlic must be used; heating destroys the useful properties. (Longevity 2(2)83, November 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETING/GALLSTONES
Women who go on extremely low calorie diets (500-calories-a-day) in an attempt to lose weight are at increased risk of developing gallstones. (Archives of Internal Medicine 149:1750, August 1989) This underscores that mild caloric restriction combined with physical exercise is the most healthful way to reduce weight. Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/SLEEPINESS
A study evaluating the effect of aspartame on the mood compared the use of sugar- and aspartame-sweetened beverages. The young women in the study group reported increased levels of sleepiness following the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association 90:250-254, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

COLORECTAL CANCER/DIET
A study from France revealed a significant relationship between the intake of fresh meat, dairy products and cereals, and the low intake of cruciferous vegetables, and colorectal cancer. (Inter- national Journal of Cancer 45:69-76, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS/EPISIOTOMY
Obstetric textbooks have routinely advocated the use of episiotomy in the delivery of low birth weight infants, claiming that it reduces the risk of brain damage. A recent study showed no differences in low birth weight infants born with the use of episiotomy and those born without the use of an episiotomy. Mothers often suffer significant discomfort from episiotomy, and may have permanent sequelae. (International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 31:135-140, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW FAT DIET/IMMUNE SYSTEM
A low fat diet enhances the function of the immune system. A diet high in fat suppresses the white blood cells. Several studies have shown a relationship between a high fat diet and cancer, and it is known that a low fat diet reduces cancer incidence. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50:861-867, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETING/WEIGHT LOSS
People who go on repeated diets actually make it more difficult to lose weight. The body slows its metabolism in response to crash dieting, making it harder to lose weight. Repeated crash diets may be responsible for much obesity in today's society according to this report. (Metabolism 37(10)930-936, 1988) A permanent change in the diet, with the elimination of all high-fat, empty calorie foods, the elimination of supper, and an emphasis on adequate fluid intake will go far in weight control. Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/AGING
Sugar intake may contribute to or cause aging, according to a report in Longevity magazine. (Longevity 2(8)49-51, June 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY RESTRICTION/IMMUNE FUNCTION
Dietary restriction may strengthen the function of the immune system. Numerous studies have shown that reducing food intake contributes to longevity. (Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 34:76-84, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC
Garlic has been used medicinally for decades. Since the 1970s numerous studies have been conducted which have demonstrated antibiotic, detoxifying, lipid reducing and other beneficial properties. A report from the Cancer Prevention Research Program of the National Cancer Institute suggests that garlic may help prevent cancer. The authors of this report point out that gastric cancer is less common in areas of China where garlic intake is high. (Preventive Medicine 19:346-361, May 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS/CONTAMINANTS
Those taking calcium supplements in an attempt to prevent osteoporosis may be consuming toxic trace metal contaminants. An analysis of samples of dolomite from a health food store contained aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, selenium and zinc. (American Journal of Hypertension 1(3 Part 3)137S-142S, July 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/DIABETES MELLITUS RISK
Reported rates of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have increased at a steady rate during the last decade. Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke and heart disease, and is currently the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. The economic impact of this disease has been estimated at more than 11 billion dollars a year.
A study from Harvard Medical School reveals that obesity is a risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in women. Women who gain weight after the age of 18 increase their risk, and even those who are at weight levels which are considered "normal" are at elevated risk. As the weight increases so does the risk. This study suggests that 90.4 percent of diabetes cases could be attributed to excessive body weight. (American Journal of Epidemiology 132:501-513, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR INTAKE/CALCIUM LOSS/MAGNESIUM LOSS
Sugar intake increases the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium. The authors suggest that sugar intake may produce abnormalities in hard tissue development. (Bone and Mineral 9:233- 237, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

LEARNING/MEMORY/HIGH FAT DIET
Laboratory animals given a high fat diet demonstrated both memory and learning deficits. (Behavioral and Neural Biology 53:74-87, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS/URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
A high intake of calcium may lead to increased risk of urinary tract infection by encouraging bacteria to stick to the lining of the urinary tract, rather than being flushed out with the urine. It has been estimated that there are six to seven million doctor's office visits each year for urinary tract infections. About one- fifth of the population suffer three to six urinary tract infections per year. A study from the Department of Biological Sciences at Youngstown State University in Ohio, reveals that excess calcium levels in the urine encourage bacterial adherence. Women taking calcium supplements in an attempt to prevent osteoporosis may be bringing on urinary tract infections. (Urological Research 18:213-217, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR INTAKE/DUODENAL ULCER
A diet low in refined sugar may decrease one's chances of developing duodenal ulcer according to a recent study from the University of Nottingham. Earlier studies have shown an association between sugar intake and Crohn's disease. (Gut 31:993- 996, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/MENSTRUAL PERIODS
A study of undergraduate students revealed that those who ate a diet high in fiber and low in saturated fat tended to have infrequent and/or scanty menstrual periods. (Fertility and Sterility 54(4)632, October, 1990) This diet doesn't seem to decrease fertility, however. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/CANCER
A world-wide survey of the relationship of diet and cancer again revealed an association between a diet high in total calories, meat, milk, eggs, animal proteins, and fats and oils and the risk of breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer. (Anticancer Research 10:1043-1050, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

HOT FOODS/STOMACH CANCER
A preference for very hot foods may increase one's risk of gastric cancer according to a report from Italy. The researchers feel that thermal irritation may play a role. (International Journal of Cancer 46:432-434, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

LIVER ABNORMALITIES/WEIGHT REDUCTION
A group of overweight patients who had abnormal laboratory results for liver function showed improvement with weight loss. Abnormal liver function tests may subject the patient to unnecessary stress, loss of life insurance, unnecessary testing and perhaps even liver biopsy. (Gastroenterology 99:1408-1413, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DENTAL ROOT CARIES
A study of the effect of diet on the occurrence of root caries in adults revealed that frequent eating and the frequent use of sugar contribute to the development of root caries. Snack foods used frequently by those suffering root caries included sweetened drinks, hard candy, throat lozenges, sugared antacids, chocolate, cookies and ice cream. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association 90(9)A-95, September 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
The use of alcohol, tobacco, pork, smoked meats, and spices increase the risk of esophageal cancer according to a report from Yugoslavia. (Anticancer Research 10(5B)1459, September-October 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

FATS/SCHIZOPHRENIA
A study done by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations revealed that countries whose people obtained their fats from animal foods had less favorable outcomes in schizophrenic cases than those who used vegetable fats. This study suggests that diet may influence the course of schizophrenia. The authors call for a study evaluating a low-fat diet which contains adequate amounts of essential fatty acids in schizophrenics. (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 78:587-596, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Children who use diets high in protein, carbohydrates and nitrosamine-containing foods are apparently at increased risk of developing Type I (insulin-dependent) childhood diabetes. Foods which commonly contain nitrosamines include smoked fish, bacon, and sausage. (Pediatric News 24(9)25, September 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/KALE
Are you looking for a good source of calcium? The calcium from kale has been shown to be readily absorbed. Collards, mustard greens, and turnip greens are also good calcium sources. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51:656, April 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT/BREAKFAST
Many young children who suffer from nervousness, fatigue, and poor school performance are hauled into doctors offices to determine the cause. A recent report suggests that the first thing the physician should evaluate is whether or not the child eats breakfast. Dr. Lynn McIntyre, assistant professor of community health and epidemiology at Dalhousie University of Halifax, points out that children are far less able to tolerate long periods without food because of their higher metabolic rates. Several studies have shown that children who do not eat breakfast perform less well on tests than those who eat breakfasts. Physical abilities are also impacted by the lack of nutrition, and the child is often tired, apathetic, and irritable. Other recent studies suggest that people who skip breakfast may suffer long-term adverse effects on their glucose tolerance and cholesterol levels. (Canadian Medical Association Journal 143(3)210-213, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH-FAT, HIGH-SUCROSE(SUGAR) DIET/BONE STRENGTH
A study from the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, at the University of Southern California at Los Angeles, revealed that a diet high in fat and sugar may lead to bone changes which make the bones less capable of withstanding stresses placed on them, and more likely to break. (Calcified Tissue International 47:308-313, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

DENTAL CARIES/VEGETARIAN DIET
A study from India revealed that vegetarian children had fewer dental caries than did non-vegetarian children. (Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 18(5)277, 278) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY
Pregnant women have been advised not to gain more than 25 pounds over the course of their pregnancy. A study carried out in California compared the pregnancy outcome of those who gained various amounts of weight during pregnancy. It did not seem to matter much how much she gained. There were few differences in those who gained less weight, and those who gained more than the recommended 25 pounds. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 76:1-7, 1990) Our current recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy need to be reevaluated. However, this is not reason for women to abandon appetite control during pregnancy. More weight gain generally indicates larger infants; larger infants are more difficult to deliver. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/RECTAL CANCER
The use of a diet containing more than 5 percent saturated fats, beef, pork, poultry, bacon, nitrate-treated products, and a low fiber intake increase the risk of rectal cancer according to the Institute of Epidemiology of the School of Medicine in Visegradska, Yugoslavia. (Anticancer Research 10(5B)1456, September-October 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES/HOME CARE
Women whose membranes rupture without the immediate onset of labor and delivery are often hospitalized, under the belief that they need to be carefully supervised. A recent study shows that mothers who are followed at home did just as well as those hospitalized. The home managed women had shorter hospital stays, resulting in less expense. Copyright Phylis Austin

PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)/SUGAR INTAKE
Women who consume foods high in sugar content, or who have a sweet tooth, are more likely to suffer from premenstrual syndrome. (Journal of Reproductive Medicine 36(2)131-136. February, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

ANTACIDS/FOOD SUPPLEMENTS/DIARRHEA
People who take large amounts of antacids or magnesium supplements may develop chronic diarrhea. This should be considered before undergoing extensive work-up for diarrhea. (The New England Journal of Medicine 324:1012-1207, April 11, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

DAIRY PRODUCTS/CALCIUM
The National Dairy Council has informed us for years that dairy products are essential to the building of good bones. A study from Washington State University suggests that increasing dairy product use does not increase calcium levels in young women using caffeine. (Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5(Suppl 2)S115, August 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

PRENATAL CLINICS/WEIGHT RECORDS
The routine recording of weight in pregnant women may produce anxiety, and may not be really helpful in the evaluation of infant growth. (British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 98:189-94, February 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/COLD
Some herbalists have recommended that garlic be minced and applied to infant's feet to relieve cold symptoms. Several mothers have reported blistering of the children's feet after this treatment. Joy Gardener, author of Healing Yourself, writes that in the revised edition of her book she will suggest using garlic oil instead of garlic pieces. She says the oil may be prepared by peeling one clove of garlic and placing it in one-quart cup of olive oil overnight. The next day the garlic is removed, and the oil applied to the bottom of the baby's feet. Socks are then applied and left in place for eight hours or overnight, and the feet washed. (Mothering #59, Spring 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/COLON CANCER
A study of registered nurses in eleven states revealed that those who consumed more animal fat and more red meat than white meat, and less crude fiber than controls, were at increased risk of developing colon cancer. (ACP Journal Club 114(Suppl 2)61, March- April 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

MILK ALLERGY/"NONDAIRY" FOODS
Even foods labeled "parve" (containing no milk or meat products) or "nondairy" may contain sufficient amounts of milk products to produce symptoms in people with milk allergy. (The New England Journal of Medicine 324(14)976-979, April 4, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH FAT-HIGH PROTEIN DIET/DIABETES
Laboratory animals given a high fat/high protein diet demonstrated higher fasting glucose levels, and increased resistance to insulin, as well as weight gain. Diabetics may benefit from a low-fat/low protein diet. (Diabetes Research 15:179-183, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/CAFFEINE/DEPRESSION/ANXIETY/FATIGUE
A caffeine-free and refined sucrose-free diet may improve symptoms such as depression, anxiety and fatigue in sensitive individuals. (Biological Psychiatry 29(7)679-692, April 1, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGETARIAN DIET/DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Diabetics often suffer associated kidney disease. Earlier studies have shown that a high protein diet accelerates the development of kidney damage. A recent study suggests that a vegetarian diet may be adequate to slow the progression of the disease.
Apparently vegetable protein does not have the same adverse effect that animal protein does. (Diabetic Medicine 8:949-953, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

CROHN'S DISEASE/DIETARY YEAST
A study from Dundee, Scotland, reports that the elimination of dietary yeast from the dietary of Crohn's disease patients resulted in improvement of symptoms. (Clinical Nutrition 10(Suppl 2)45, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN
Obesity is a growing problem in the pediatric population. A study from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine revealed that family-based treatment produced long-term benefits in weight reduction of children. Children in a group who were taught new eating and exercise patterns, and behavioral skills were lighter in weight than a control group after ten years of follow-up. The treatment program involved a low-fat diet and a regular exercise program. (Journal of the American Medical Association 264(19)2519-2523, November 21, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE/BABY FOODS
Many manufacturers of commercial baby foods add glutamate to their foods. A study of laboratory animals revealed that newborn mice given monosodium glutamate developed necrosis (death) of some parts of the brain. As these animals matured the adults showed increased levels of female sterility, obesity, and retarded skeletal development. There were also abnormalities of the endocrine system. (Science 164:719-721, 1969) Mothers may make their own baby food by merely blending food they have cooked. The food may be frozen in an ice cube tray, and when solid removed from the tray, placed in individual plastic bags, and kept in the freezer. Individual cubes may be removed and thawed as needed. Do not make a large batch to store in the freezer longer than three to four months, as the food gradually loses nutrients. Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/BLOOD PRESSURE
Sucrose (sugar) intake may increase the blood pressure. (American Journal of Hypertension 3:560-562, 1990) Other studies have indicated that the intake of refined carbohydrates produce an increase in blood pressure. Copyright Phylis Austin

EMOTIONAL EATING/WEIGHT CONTROL
Some individuals eat in response to emotional arousal. These people were shown to have higher body mass indices than those who did not eat in response to emotions. When emotional eaters learned other responses they lost more weight than those who did not control emotional eating. (Appetite 15:151-157, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW FAT DIET/WALKING/HEART DISEASE
A brisk daily 45 minute walk in combination with a low fat diet can greatly reduce the risk of heart disease. Seventy-two patients at the Pritikin Longevity Center in Santa Monica, California, were followed for three weeks. In addition to the low fat diet and walking program, the study group eliminated red meat, caffeine, tobacco and alcohol during the study period. Some of the diabetics in the study were able to stop all medication, as were some high blood pressure patients. They also averaged a 10 pound weight loss. (American Journal of Cardiology 69:440-444, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/WHEAT FLOUR
Calcium absorption from whole-wheat flour foods is as good as from milk, the widely advertised "calcium food." Phytic acid is broken down by yeast fermentation. Some researchers have reported that phytate reduced calcium absorption, while other studies have not confirmed that finding. The inaccuracy of calcium balance testing techniques make it impossible to accurately determine calcium balance. (Journal of Nutrition 121:1769-1775, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

GESTATIONAL DIABETES/HYPOCALORIC DIETS
Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes may decrease the risk of macrosomia (large infants) by reducing their caloric intake. The researchers observed that caloric restriction was more effective than insulin administration in some women. (Diabetes 40(Suppl 2)165-171, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

SALT SUBSTITUTES
In an attempt to reduce salt consumption some switch to potassium chloride. However, the elderly, those with kidney problems, and those taking certain types of medication may retain potassium, which may lead to toxic levels. (British Medical Journal 303:1084- 1085, November 2, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

EATING BETWEEN MEALS/OVERWEIGHT
Between meal snacks may be making a significant impact on obesity. Snacks produce a sensation of satisfaction for less than an hour, and do not decrease food intake at the next meal. Because foods eaten between meals are often high in fats or calories they may lead to a very high daily caloric intake. A 1989 follow-up of individuals who had participated in a weight control program showed that only those who refrained from between meals eating maintained their weight loss. (Appetite 17(2)161, October 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

ATOPIC DERMATITIS/GARLIC AND VITAMIN B-1
Daily baths with a solution of garlic and vitamin B-1 complex were helpful for atopic dermatitis sufferers in a Japanese study. (Pediatric Dermatology 9(2)197, June 1992) The solution is manufactured by Fuji Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE/FOOD CHOICES
People who are overweight and do not exercise often consider healthful foods boring. (Medical Tribune 32(23), November 14, 1991) This suggests that those who are better informed on nutrition and the benefits of exercise are less likely to be overweight. Copyright Phylis Austin

PSORIASIS/GLUTEN INTOLERANCE
Six patients whose psoriasis did not respond to conventional treatment demonstrated complete or almost complete clearing of their lesions after beginning a gluten-free diet. (Acta Dermato- Vernerologica (Stockh) 71(1)90, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

ORGANIC FOOD FRAUD
Because monitoring of organic foods is so difficult and not well organized, many foods sold as organic may not be. A study from California reported cases of foods being purchased from non-organic growers and repackaged in bags stating that the food had been organically grown. Of course, the customers who purchased these foods paid the extra price demanded by those who produce organic foods.
Other growers, dismissed from membership in organic growers organizations after they were caught in deceit, continued to place the organically grown labels on their products.
Some companies use product names that imply that they are organic, which in reality, they are not. Words like certified and organic should be carefully scrutinized to see what they actually state. (Longevity 4(7)54-60, June 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY
Pregnant women are routinely given iron supplements during pregnancy by many obstetricians. Several recent studies have called into question the wisdom of this practice. High levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease oxygen availability, hindering infant growth. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association 92(4)484-486, April 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

PEPPER/TRANSIT TIME
Red and black pepper both increase transit time, the amount of time it takes for food to pass through the digestive system and exit the body. This may be important to those who suffer gastrointestinal symptoms. (Journal of American College of Nutrition 11(2)228-231, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

FAST FOODS
Half of all dollars spent eating out go for fast food. Most of these foods are extremely high in fats and calories. Many fast food chains are reducing the sodium, fats and calories in their products in response to a desire for better nutrition, but a recent survey demonstrates that they still have a long way to go. A recent survey by M.F Jacobson and S. Fritschner indicates that saturated fat and cholesterol levels are still far too high. (American Journal of Cardiology 70:168-170, July 1992) Consider taking a lunch if you need food away from home. Copyright Phylis Austin

LABOR/ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
In many hospitals if a woman in labor does not have ruptured membranes, the membranes will be artificially ruptured in the belief that it will hasten delivery. A midwife reports that the rupture of the membranes may dramatically increase contraction strength, making it necessary for the woman to take pain medication. She compared two groups of patients, one undergoing artificial rupture and other progressing in labor until the membranes broke spontaneously. She observed that artificial rupture was routinely done when the woman was 3.5 cm dilated, but spontaneous rupture did not occur until the woman progressed to about 8.7 cm. However, there was no significant difference in the length of labor in the two groups! Complication rates, type of delivery, Apgar scores of the infants, and problems in the early postpartum period were about the same in both groups. (Midwives Chronicle & Nursing Notes 105(1251)76-78, April 1992) The lesson from this study is don't interfere with nature in labor unless you have to. Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/URINARY INCONTINENCE
Overweight women who suffer from the involuntary loss of urine will benefit from weight reduction. A study group demonstrated less urge and stress incontinence after weight loss. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 167:392-9, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

FAST FOODS
Half of all dollars spent eating out go for fast food. Most of these foods are extremely high in fats and calories. Many fast food chains are reducing the sodium, fats and calories in their products in response to a desire for better nutrition, but a recent survey demonstrates that they still have a long way to go. A recent survey by M.F Jacobson and S. Fritschner indicates that saturated fat and cholesterol levels are still far too high. (American Journal of Cardiology 70:168-170, July 1992) Consider taking a lunch if you need food away from home. Copyright Phylis Austin

LABOR/ARTIFICIAL RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
In many hospitals if a woman in labor does not have ruptured membranes, the membranes will be artificially ruptured in the belief that it will hasten delivery.
A midwife reports that the rupture of the membranes may dramatically increase contraction strength, making it necessary for the woman to take pain medication.
She compared two groups of patients, one undergoing artificial rupture and other progressing in labor until the membranes broke spontaneously. She observed that artificial rupture was routinely done when the woman was 3.5 cm dilated, but spontaneous rupture did not occur until the woman progressed to about 8.7 cm. However, there was no significant difference in the length of labor in the two groups! Complication rates, type of delivery, Apgar scores of the infants, and problems in the early postpartum period were about the same in both groups. (Midwives Chronicle & Nursing Notes 105(1251)76-78, April 1992) The lesson from this study is don't interfere with nature in labor unless you have to. Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/URINARY INCONTINENCE
Overweight women who suffer from the involuntary loss of urine will benefit from weight reduction. A study group demonstrated less urge and stress incontinence after weight loss. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 167:392-9, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

OAT BRAN/CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS/MAGNESIUM/ZINC
Volunteers consuming 20.8 grams of oat bran in muffins demonstrated no adverse effects on zinc, phosphorus, magnesium or calcium balances. (Journal of Nutrition 121:1976-1983, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

GASTROENTERITIS/FROZEN BANANAS
Individuals suffering from gastroenteritis, (irritation of the lining of the stomach and intestine), which produces abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever, may benefit from frozen bananas. Dr. Danny Rader of Charleston, West Virginia, suggests that bananas be peeled, placed in plastic bags, and frozen. Bananas have been used in the treatment of diarrhea for decades, and are high in potassium, which is lost in diarrhea. (Cortlandt Forum 5(8)56, August 1992) Blend them in the blender and administer a pleasant medicine. Copyright Phylis Austin

VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTS/LIVER INJURY
Intake of vitamin A supplements in the recommended dose of 5,000 U may cause liver damage. (American Journal of Medicine 93:703-704, December 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

FRUIT FIBER/HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
The fiber found naturally in fruit may help in the prevention of high blood pressure. A study at Harvard revealed that men who ate an ounce of fiber per day in the form of fruits and vegetables were less likely to develop high blood pressure (Medical Tribune 33(22)1, November 26, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

PRETERM RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES
Preterm rupture of the membranes places the infant at risk of prematurity. Many physicians put these mothers in the hospital where they are placed at bed rest, and carefully monitored to allow the infant to mature before birth. These periods may extend for weeks or months, resulting in a very long hospital stay for the mother. A study from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa, Florida, suggests that carefully selected mothers may be managed at home without increasing risk of complications. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 81:61-64, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS/DIET/CHILDREN
Children are at increased risk of suffering Helicobacter pylori gastritis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach) if they eat beef or use carbonated beverages. (Gastroenterology 104(4 Pt 2)A, 32, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

COW'S MILK/SOLID FOODS/INFANTS/DIABETES MELLITUS
The early exposure of infants to cow's milk and to solid foods increases the risk of the later development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in high-risk individuals. (Diabetes 42:288-95, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION/BIRTHWEIGHT
Health officials in many countries are campaigning to provide nutritional supplementation to pregnant women, in an attempt to increase the birthweight of their infants. Researchers have recently questioned the value of this policy, and raise the question of whether or not these attempts may actually be detrimental to the mother and/or infant. They point out that birthweight is not an indication of health or lack of it. Illness in small infants is not attributable to low birth weight, but to the disease process which caused the low birth weight. Furthermore, there is no evidence that increasing birth weight reduces sickness or death in newborns.
Efforts to increase infant birthweight also increase the risk of complications during labor. A larger infant is at greater risk of being delivered surgically because of cephalopelvic disproportion.
No one would question the importance of adequate and good nutrition throughout pregnancy, but attempts to supplement a balanced diet should be carefully considered. (The Lancet 340:1021-1023, October 24, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUPPLEMENTS
Researchers from Harvard Medical School have observed that beta- carotene taken on an empty stomach may not be absorbed. Volunteers in their study absorbed no beta-carotene when in a fasting state; but the same supplements were readily absorbed when taken with a meal. (Fitness, July-August 1993) The researchers comment that supplements are not a substitute for a healthful diet. Copyright Phylis Austin

PREGNANT ADOLESCENTS/SUGAR INTAKE
Adolescents who become pregnant are at increased risk of certain types of pregnancy complications. Many of these young women are accustomed to a diet high in sugar, with large intakes of soda pop, sweetened breakfast cereals, ice cream, and pancakes with syrup. A comparison study reveals that adolescent mothers who take a high sugar diet are at increased risk of having an infant which is small for its gestational age. (Pediatric Research 33(4 Pt 2)7A, April 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

PASSIVE SMOKE/PREGNANCY/LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
The infants of women who are exposed to passive smoke are at increased risk of low birth weight. (American Journal of Public Health 83(2)207-210, February 1993) We advise pregnant women (and everyone else) to stay away from smokers. Copyright Phylis Austin

CROHN'S DISEASE/BAKER'S YEAST
A reaction to bakers yeast may cause or contribute to symptoms of Crohn's disease. Earlier studies have shown that Crohn's disease patients have a higher incidence of allergic reaction to baker's yeast than non-Crohn's sufferers. The elimination of baker's yeast may be helpful to Crohn's sufferers. (Gastroenterology 104(4 Pt 2)A806, April 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTS/LEAD
Parents whose children are lactose intolerant are often instructed to give their children calcium tablets to provide the calcium they would be expected to get from milk. Calcium supplements may provide more than calcium though-- one-quarter of all calcium supplements tested were found to have excessively high levels of lead. Dolomite, bone meal, and calcium chelates all demonstrated excessively high lead levels. The Centers for Disease Control currently considers lead poisoning one of the most common pediatric problems in the United States. (American Journal of Public Health 83:1155-1160, August 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETING/MENTAL ALERTNESS
Young women on weight-reduction diets demonstrated slowed reaction times, poorer memories, and slower information processing than non- dieters, according to a study from the Institute of Food Research. (Your Health, June 1, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

"DIET"/"LIGHT" BREAD
The so-called "diet" or "light" breads sold in the supermarket are generally thin-sliced regular bread. Sometimes extra air is added. The popular conception is that bread is fattening, but it is what we put on the bread that makes it fattening. Whole grain breads are filling, and contain fiber needed for a healthful diet. (University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter 10(7)1, April 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

FIGS/BLISTERS
Skin-care specialist Lia Schoor suggests mashing two figs and blending in one teaspoon of honey for a soothing blister treatment. Leave the mixture on the blister for 20 minutes. (Self, April 1994, p. 47) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT MOTHERS/BIRTH DEFECTS
Overweight mothers are at increased risk of having infants with neural tube defects or other malformations. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 170:541-548, February 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH PROTEIN DIET/DIABETES
Laboratory studies have shown that mice given a high protein diet developed diabetes mellitus at a higher rate than mice not given a high protein diet. The diet was made high protein by the addition of casein, a substance found in milk. (Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 21(1)113, February 1991). Other studies have suggested a relationship between milk and diabetes. Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY/PROLONGED PREGNANCY
Iron supplementation is routine in many obstetric practices in the United States. A study from the Department of Public Health at the University of Helsinki compared women who were routinely given iron supplements with a group given iron supplements only as iron deficiency became apparent. The final outcome for mothers and infants was basically the same, with the exception that the routinely supplemented group were more likely to have prolonged pregnancies. The study group calls for further study of the need for routine iron supplementation, and point out that pregnancy produces hemodilution, which may provide a better blood supply to the placenta. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 10(1)3- 10, 1991) An editorial accompanying the article comments that routine supplementation may do more harm than good. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 10(1)1-2, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

BREAKFAST/CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN CHILDREN
A study of over 500 school children revealed that those children who regularly eat breakfast have lower cholesterol levels, than do those who do not eat breakfast. Those children who ate cereals high in fiber had the lowest cholesterol levels. Earlier studies have shown that children who eat breakfast perform better in school. (Journal of School Health 61(2)81-85, February 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY RESTRICTION/LYMPHOMA
Laboratory animals placed on dietary restriction developed lower rates of lymphoma than animals given the standard laboratory diet. (Cancer Research 54:3054-3061, June 1, 1994) Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph nodes. This study suggests that reducing our food intake may decrease our risk of other cancers. Copyright Phylis Austin

TURMERIC/LEG ULCERS
Turmeric is known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers from the Division of Plastic Surgery at the University of Mississippi Medical Center applied turmeric to leg ulcers which had not responded to treatment. The turmeric was followed by wet-to-dry dressings and compression wraps three times a day. All patients in the study demonstrated healing of their leg ulcers. (Clinical Research 42(2)233A, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

BREAST CANCER/DIET
The intake of vitamin C and beta-carotene by women with breast cancer appears to improve their survival. (British Journal of Cancer 69:592-595, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID/ARTHRITIS
The daily intake of 2.6 gm of omega-3 fatty acids may improve arthritis symptoms sufficiently to reduce the requirement for arthritis medications. (Arthritis and Rheumatism 37:824-829, June 1994) A previous study has also shown improvement over the long- term with the omega-6 fatty acids (Evening Primrose, borage, and black currant oils). Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON SUPPLEMENTS/BREAST CANCER
A few studies have revealed an association between high iron levels in the body and cancer. Researchers from the AMC Cancer Research Center in Denver now report that laboratory animals given iron and exposed to a cancer-causing agent developed higher rates of breast cancer than did similar animals not given the iron supplement. (American Institute for Cancer Research Newsletter (28)8, Winter 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH FIBER DIETS/BREAST CANCER
A high-fiber diet may protect from the development of breast cancer according to a recent study from Australia. The use of whole grain breads, bran-based breakfast cereals, peas, beans and soybeans, dried fruits and nuts are all good sources of dietary fiber. (International Journal of Cancer 56:173-176, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

MARITAL FIGHTS/IMMUNE SYSTEM
Couples who fight suffer a reduction in their natural killer cell activity, making it more difficult to fight off tumors and viruses. Spouses who express high levels of hostility have lower levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. (Psychology Today 27(1)9, January-February 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

WHOLE WHEAT
Foods labeled "whole wheat" may not be what they appear to be. Food processors are allowed to label their products "whole wheat" if they add a little bit of whole wheat flour. The remainder of the flour in the product is not whole wheat. (Bottom Line Personal 16: September 1, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

PHYTOESTROGENS/SOYBEANS/TOFU/CANCER
Soy beverages and tofu contain phytoestrogens, which are known to inhibit prostate and breast cancer growth in laboratory experiments. Soy flour is a good source of phytoestrogens. One cup of whole wheat flour may often be replaced by one-third cup of soy flour and two-thirds cup of whole wheat flour without any change in the taste of the finished product. (Medical Tribune 35(15)8, August 11, 1994; Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94:739-743, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/COLON POLYPS
High sugar intake increases the incidence of colorectal polyps. (European Journal of Cancer (Suppl 1)30A, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

VEGAN DIET/CHILD GROWTH
A study carried out on over 400 children at The Farm in Tennessee, demonstrates that children raised on a diet entirely free of animal products grow and develop slightly slower than do non-vegetarians, but the difference is insignificant. Earlier studies have suggested that vegetarian children do not grow normally, but these studies were based on smaller numbers of children, and on groups with various dietary practices.
It is estimated that about four percent of United States adults are vegetarians, and ten percent of these follow a vegan (animal product free) diet.
Children in this study who were born to vegetarian parents had normal birth weights.
The authors of this study conclude that children achieve adequate growth on a vegan diet. (Pediatrics 84(3)475, September, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

CROHN'S DISEASE/DIETARY FAT
Forty-four Crohn's disease patients were placed on a low fat diet and compared to 48 patients on a high fat diet. Thirty-eight of the low fat group remained in remission during the course of the study, while forty of the forty-eight in the high fat diet group suffered a disease flare during the two-year study. The researchers concluded that dietary fat promotes Crohn's disease flares. (Gut 35(Supplement 4)A122, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

ELDERLY/WEIGHT TRAINING
Weight training decreases the risk of hip fractures in the elderly by improving muscle strength, and decreasing the risk of falls. It also provides cardiovascular benefits, and improves mental outlook. (Internal Medicine News and Cardiology News 27(19)1, 18, October 1, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/OVARIAN CANCER
Saturated fats and eggs increase the risk of ovarian cancer, while vegetable fiber decreases risk, according to a study from Yale University School of Medicine. (Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86(18)1409-1415, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/PROSTATE DISEASE
Obese men who develop symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia may benefit from weight loss. A study of over 25,000 men revealed that those with waist measurements of 43 or more inches were at increased risk. (American Journal of Epidemiology 140(11)989-1003, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE/VEGETARIAN DIET
A vegetarian diet with low intake of saturated fat, a high fruit and vegetable fiber intake, and a high P/S ratio appears to decrease high blood pressure. (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 4:103-112, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN DURING PREGNANCY
Women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy tend to retain the weight after childbirth. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61(4)893, April 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DUODENAL ULCER
A diet high in fiber and vitamin A may reduce the incidence of duodenal ulcer. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61(4)897, April 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

TEENAGE DIET/BREAST CANCER
Teenagers who consume diets low in calcium and vitamin D in an attempt to control their weight may be setting the stage for later breast cancer. Animal studies have shown that vitamin D and calcium tend to inhibit some types of chemically induced cancer. (Primary Care and Cancer 14:8-9, February 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS/DIET
Systemic lupus erythematosus is more common in women who report the frequent consumption of meat, particularly fatty meats such as pork or beef. Menstrual irregularity was also reported to be more common in women with systemic lupus erythematosus than in control women. (Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 169:245-252, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

SPROUTS/TOXICITY
Some have advocated that sprouts of alfalfa and some legumes contain toxins and therefore should not be used. A careful analysis of the research suggests that many of these substances are not only safe, but also provide good nutrition.
Some peas are said to contain lathyrogen, which causes leg paralysis. In reality the members of the pea family which contain the toxin are non-edible species; lathyrogen is not found in the commonly eaten members of the pea family. Lathyrus sativus is sometimes called "chickpea" in India, but the chickpea we eat is actually Cicer arietinum.
Saponins are found in legumes and their sprouts. While these substances are toxic to red blood cells in a test tube they are harmless or even beneficial when eaten, and actually help to lower cholesterol and reduce cancer risks. Some researchers have demonstrated that they may help to prevent some cancers, including colon cancer.
Alfalfa seeds contain canavanine, which is toxic in large quantities. However, canavine levels decrease as sprouts grow. Approximately 14,000 milligrams would be required to produce symptoms in 150 pound human! A generous serving of alfalfa sprouts would provide only a few milligrams. Canavanine has been shown to produce lupus-like symptoms when given to laboratory animals in toxic amounts. Many things we consume daily are toxic if used in very large quantities, but may be beneficial or even essential in normal quantities.
Anti-nutrients which inhibit the absorption of nutrients, are present in a number of legumes, but these substances are reduced by both soaking and sprouting. Some anti-nutrients have been shown to be potent anti-carcinogens. (Vegetarian Journal, July-August 1995, p. 17-20) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUGAR/FAT INTAKE
Sugar consumption may increase fat consumption by making high fat foods more palatable. When a British study group was given a diet low in refined sugar their fat consumption also decreased. (The Lancet 345:1537-1540, June 17, 1995) Unfortunately, the fats usually sweetened with sugar are the worst kind for the heart -- partially hydrogenated fats such as found in margarine. If you are fat or sick leave off the fats! Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GUIDELINES/HEART DISEASE IN WOMEN
Women who fall into the "normal" weight category for government guidelines are at increased risk of heart attack. Harvard researchers observed that women at the upper levels of the so- called "normal" range were more likely to suffer a heart attack than were women in the lower range.
A 1990 revision of acceptable weight guidelines raised what they considered acceptable weight levels. (Medical Tribune 36(5)4, March 9, 1995) Now we can see that the weight levels should actually have been lowered. "Average weight" is not necessarily ideal weight. Copyright Phylis Austin

SOY FLOUR/HOT FLASHES
Japanese women, who consume soy products frequently, are known to have fewer hot flashes and menopausal symptoms than other groups. A study from Australia revealed that simple soy flour decreased hot flashes and improved menopausal symptoms. Phytoestrogens, estrogen-like substances found in plants, are felt to be responsible for this reduction in symptoms.
The women in the study were instructed to consume 46 g. of debittered soy (or unbleached wheat) flour each day. They were encouraged to consume it raw in a drink or added to cereal. If the subjects could not tolerate it raw they were allowed to cook it or to make it into muffins. The researchers gave some women soy flour and the others whole wheat flour. The two flours looked alike and the study subjects were unaware of which flour they were given. Women using the soy flour reported a significant reduction in their hot flashes over a six week period, with a further reduction over a twelve week period. The wheat flour group also showed a reduction, but their reduction took longer (6 - 12 weeks) and was less pronounced than the soy flour group.
Soy contains genistein and daidzin which is converted to daidzein. Wheat contains zearalenone and enterolactones. Milling removes most of these phytoestrogens from the wheat.
Earlier studies have shown that soy flour, linseed (flaxseed) and red clover have a beneficial effect on vaginal cytology in postmenopausal women. (Maturitas 21:189-195, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

IRON SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY
Iron and vitamin supplements are often routinely given to a pregnant woman. Unfortunately, this practice is based on studies of women who were either not pregnant or on pregnant women who were taking iron supplements, so it is difficult to accurately evaluate the need for iron supplements during pregnancy.
A recent study from the United Kingdom revealed that as the pregnancy progressed and iron requirements increased, iron absorption from foods also increased. Some feel that this increased absorption will provide adequate iron without supplementation.
Iron supplementation is not entirely without risk. Iron may cause abnormally large red blood cells, cause diarrhea or constipation, and suppress zinc absorption. Zinc is an important nutrient during pregnancy.
Pregnant women should be counseled regarding the use of iron rich foods, the intake of foods high in Vitamin C which encourage iron absorption, and counseled against the use of such items as tea and coffee which interfere with iron absorption. (Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 50(2)85-97, February 1995; British Medical Journal 309:79-82, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

HEALING/VEGETARIAN DIET
The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery reported that vegetarians may have abnormal healing after facial chemical peeling. The two patients in their study had unexpectedly large amounts of facial scarring. After reading the report one must wonder why they chose to make such an announcement based on experience with two patients, one of which consumed chicken! (Vegetarian Times, May 1995, p. 102) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVARIAN CANCER/WEIGHT GAIN IN INFANCY
Females who gain weigh rapidly during infancy may be at increased risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood. Earlier studies have shown a relationship between early menarche and tall height. (The Lancet 345:1087-1088, April 29, 1995) Children should not be allowed a high calorie, high fat diet, heavy in animal products (milk, eggs, meat), sweets, and junk foods as this diet is known to promote early maturity and increased height. (Science News May 1, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/LEAD POISONING
Children with high fat and/or calorie diets are at increased risk of lead poisoning. (Pediatrics 97(1)74-78, January 1996) Still another reason to keep fat/calorie consumption low during childhood. Copyright Phylis Austin

ACNE/DIET
The impact of diet on acne has been a topic of great debate, with many arguing that foods such as chocolate do not have an effect on acne. The original study suggesting that chocolate does not cause acne was done using a synthetic chocolate as a placebo. Both groups were actually receiving chocolate!
Dr. Water Schnur of Cincinnati writes that in his 30 years of medical practice he has observed that the use of milk and other forms of lactose worsens many cases of acne. He also points out that in 1961 the incoming president of the American Dermatologic Association pointed out that teenagers who consumed the most milk and carbohydrates had the most acne. (Consultant, December 1995, p. 1762) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PROSTATE CANCER
A study from Japan demonstrates a relationship between the use of sugar, milk, meat, fats and oils and death from prostate cancer. (Japanese Journal of Cancer Clin 10(8)831-836, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT/MENOPAUSE
Caloric restriction delays the onset of menopause according to a study from Turkey. A study of over 1,000 women indicated that obese women enter menopause 1.7 years earlier than thinner women. They also observed that women who lived in rural settings had later menopause. Women who have never had children enter menopause about one year sooner than women who have had five or more children. (Gynecology and Obstetrical Investigation 37:40-42, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN/DIABETES MELLITUS
Even a modest weight gain in middle age increases the risk of diabetes mellitus. The U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines which allow for weight gain after 35 years of age place women at increased risk. (Annals of Internal Medicine 122(7)481-486, April 1, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

ANTIOXIDANTS/RAW VEGAN DIET
A group of 21 vegans utilizing a raw food diet had higher blood levels of antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E) than did a similar group consuming a cooked omnivorous diet. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62:1221-7, 1995) These differences were seen even if the omnivores used antioxidant supplements. Although the vegans consumed more iron, a known prooxidant, measurements of iron in the body usually show vegans up to advantage over omnivores. Copyright Phylis Austin

FRUIT DRINKS/SOFT DRINKS/CHILDREN
A study of the fluid consumption of a group of children who were seen by physicians for such health problems as poor appetite, poor weight gain, loose stools and behavior disorders, revealed that these children consumed large amounts of soft drinks or fruit drinks, and very little plain water. Reducing consumption of the commercial drinks and increasing water consumption produced symptomatic improvement in the children. (Archives of Disease in Childhood 72:141-143, 1995; Archives of Disease in Childhood 72:137-140, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Still another study shows a relationship between a diet high in animal foods and multiple sclerosis. A survey of dietary practices across the world revealed that high intakes of saturated fat from animal foods increases the risk of multiple sclerosis. It was also observed that multiple sclerosis rates are highest in countries where gluten and milk are consumed most frequently. (American Journal of Natural Medicine 3(2)17, March 1996; American Journal of Epidemiology 142:733-737, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

BREAKFAST/OVERWEIGHT/NUTRITION
A study of breakfast habits of elderly Madrid, Spain residents showed that those who spent little time consuming breakfast, who ate small amounts for breakfast, and those who had little variety for breakfast are more likely to be overweight.
Earlier studies have shown that persons who consume the greater proportion of the daily intake early in the day are less likely to be overweight.
Several studies have indicated that people who skip breakfast tend to consume calorie-rich foods later in the day. Breakfast consumption makes it easier to avoid snacking during the course of the day. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 15(1)65-72, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDREN/TELEVISION/OBESITY
Television viewing children are more likely to be overweight than are children who are physically active. Those who watch five or more hours a day are at an 4.6 percent increased risk of being overweight. (Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 150:356-362, April 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
Women who are overweight when they become pregnant are at greater risk of developing such complications as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and having a caesarean delivery. They are also at greater risk of incision infection after caesarean section. Infants born to overweight mothers were also at greater risk of requiring intensive care after birth. (Obstetrics and Gynecology 87:389-394, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN/DIABETES MELLITUS
Even a modest weight gain during middle-age increases a woman's chances of developing diabetes mellitus. The current U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines allowing for a substantial weight gain after 35 years-of-age increase the risk of diabetes. (Annals of Internal Medicine 122:481-486, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

PSORIASIS/DIET
An Italian study reports that psoriasis risk is inversely related to beta-carotene intake. They observed that patients who consumed large amounts of fresh fruit, tomatoes and carrots were less likely to develop psoriasis.
An incidental finding in the study was that overweight people are at increased risk of psoriasis. (British Journal of Dermatology 134:101-106, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/THROMBOSIS
One fresh garlic clove per day may protect against the development of blood clots. (Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 53:211-212, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

OVERWEIGHT/CATARACTS
Overweight individuals are at greater risk of cataract development. Caloric restriction has been shown to slow the development of cataracts. (Archives of Ophthalmology 113:1131- 1137, September 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/MENARCHE
Numerous studies have suggested that diet influences the age of menarche. A recent study shows that the intake of seeds and nuts delays menarche in females over 12 years of age.
In Western countries menarche has been occurring at a younger and younger age each decade.
Girls over 13 years-of-age who consumed large quantities of dried fruits tended to have delayed menarche. (Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavia 75:455-461, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDHOOD OBESITY/INTELLIGENCE
Severely overweight children score lower on I.Q. tests than do normal weight children. They also had higher psychological problem scores. (International Journal of Obesity 19:355- 357, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW FAT DIET/BREAST DISEASE
Women who suffer from benign breast disease may have a significant reduction in symptoms with the use of a low fat diet according to a study from India. The researchers placed a group of women on a diet which provided less than 15 percent of fat-derived calories. After six months on the diet 12 of the 17 women in the reduced calorie group reported less pain, a reduction in the size of breast masses, and less breast discharge. (National Medical Journal of India 7(2)60-62, March-April 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

CANCER/CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
Calcium channel blocker medications increase the risk of developing cancer. Calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of high blood pressure, may block the body's natural anti-cancer mechanisms. (American Journal of Hypertension 9:695-699, 1996) You should try to find alternative treatments for high blood pressure. Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN/REDUCED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
Gaining one pound a year as a person ages may significantly reduce respiratory function. A weight gain of nine pounds may reduce respiratory capacity one-half of that which would be produced by cigarette smoking.
Smoking, aging, overweight, and dust exposure are all known to cause a reduction in lung function, but until this study, the significance of weight gain was not apparent. (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 153:1907-13, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

EARLY MATURITY/ADULT OBESITY
Among the many other problems caused by early maturity, children with early physical maturity are at increased risk of being overweight in adulthood. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:18-24, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

PREECLAMPSIA OF PREGNANCY/CALCIUM/VITAMIN D-3
Calcium and vitamin D-3 supplements during pregnancy decrease the percentage of pregnant women who develop preeclampsia according to a report from Japan. Over 900 women were followed throughout pregnancy; 16.9% of those not treated developed preeclampsia, but only 10.9% of those given the supplements did. The supplements may be beneficial to women at high risk of preeclampsia. (International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 47:115-120, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Omega-3 fatty acids may protect against rheumatoid arthritis. An earlier study from Greece showed that those who consumed fish (a source of omega-3) and olive oil had reduced rates of rheumatoid arthritis. It is felt that omega-3 fatty acids prevent the production of substances which cause inflammation. (Epidemiology 7:256-263, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/CATARACT
Butter, total fat, salt, and oil (other than olive oil) intake increases the risk of cataracts while some vegetables, fruit, calcium, vitamin E, and folic acid intake reduces risk. (Annals of Epidemiology 6:41-46, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

MATERNAL DIET/HYPERTENSION IN OFFSPRING
The adult blood pressure of individuals whose mothers consumed more than 50 g. of animal protein per day during the pregnancy tends to be higher than a control group whose mothers consumed less animal protein.
The babies of women who consumed a high proportion of their calories as protein, particularly animal protein, also had lower birthweight. Earlier studies have shown that low birthweight infants are more likely to have high blood pressure in adulthood. (British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 103:273-280, March 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/CHOLESTEROL/BLOOD PRESSURE
Garlic, in conjunction with a cholesterol-lowering diet can effectively reduce cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure. The consumption of 7.2 g. of aged garlic extract daily over the course of six months lowered both cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. The researchers feel confident that fresh garlic would produce the same benefits. Earlier studies have shown cholesterol reduction from 9 to 12 percent. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:855-870, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW FAT DIETS/SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
Consuming a low fat diet in an attempt to lose weight will be of little avail if the person continues to consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar. Simple carbohydrates may stimulate the body to transform the sugar into saturated fats, which may damage the heart and blood vessels. (Journal of Clinical Investigation 97(9)2081-2091, May 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/MENTAL ALERTNESS IN ELDERLY
A 15-year study from Loma Linda University revealed that elderly individuals with high caloric intake had lower cognitive function than did those who consumed a diet lower in calories.
Low educational attainment and the use of psychotropic drugs (drugs which affect mental function) were also associated with poorer mental function. (American Journal of Epidemiology 143(12)1181-1190, June 15, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

MEDITERRANEAN DIET/HEART DISEASE
A study from Lyon, France reports that the typical Mediterranean diet consumed after a person has had a heart attack decreases the risk of further cardiovascular complications. A strict adherence to the diet decreased the risk of a second heart attack, stroke, angina, pulmonary embolism, or death from heart disease by 76 percent. The control group was given a diet similar to the Step 1 diet of the American Heart Association, while the study group consumed a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids, and olive oil. The Mediterranean diet provides less than 35 percent of total energy as fat, less than 10 percent as saturated fat, less than 4 percent as linolenic acid and 0.6 percent or more as alpha- linolenic acid. The 600 subjects were followed for 27 months. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 28:1103-1108, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

GLUTEN/NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE
Neurological abnormalities are associated with celiac disease. A study of neurological patients suggests that gluten may be a contributing factor in a wide variety of neurological symptoms. (The Lancet 347:369-371, February 10, 1996) A trial of a gluten- free diet may improve neurological symptoms. Copyright Phylis Austin

MATERNAL DIET/DIVERTICULOSIS IN OFFSPRING
Babies born to mothers who consume a low fiber diet during pregnancy appear to be at increased risk of developing diverticulosis in adult life. (Gut 39:423-429, 1996). Diverticulosis is a pouchlike protrusion or bulge of the large intestine. These pouches may become inflamed. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/PARKINSON'S DISEASE
A study from Germany concludes that diet may play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. A study of nearly 700 Germans revealed that Parkinson's disease patients consumed fewer raw vegetables than did the control subjects. Parkinson's disease patients used more sweets, snacks, and more organ meats and raw meats than controls.
Raw vegetables contain antioxidants which protect the body from damaging oxygen-free radicals. (Neurology 47:636-643, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/MENTAL FUNCTION
A diet high in beta-carotene may aid in the retention of memory in aging people. A study of over 5,000 people showed that those who took in less than 0.8 mg of beta-carotene were twice as likely to suffer memory impairment, disorientation and difficulty solving problems as were those who consumed 2.1 mg or more per day. (American Journal of Epidemiology 144:275-280, 1996) Another reason for a diet high in fruits and vegetables! Note also that the study subjects obtained their beta-carotene from foods, not supplements. Copyright Phylis Austin

MORNING SICKNESS/"TOXIC" FOODS
A recent popular book proclaimed that nausea and vomiting of pregnancy was nature's way of keeping the mother from consuming "toxic" foods which could injure the baby. While this study was readily received by the lay press, and even some scientific journals, it was not based on any scientific foundation. Judith E. Brown, Ph.D., professor of nutrition at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, studied over 500 women, and observed that those women who consumed the "toxic" foods were no more likely to have a poor pregnancy outcome or infants with birth defects. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176:179-181, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/GALLSTONES
Gallstones are common in Western society, with an incidence rate as high as 10 to 20 percent of the population. The role of diet in gallstone production has been a subject of much controversy. A recent study from Spain attempted to sort out this confusion.
In their study group the gallstone patients consumed less fish and fruit than did control subjects. They used more refined cereals, oils, sugars and meats than did the control subjects. They spent less time walking and slept more than the controls. They consumed more total calories and more fats, and less magnesium, folate and fiber than controls. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 16(1)88-95, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/KIDNEY STONES
The use of calcium supplements increases the risk of development of kidney stones, while calcium in foods decreases the risk, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. (Annals of Internal Medicine 126(7)497-504, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT LOSS/HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
A person suffering from high blood pressure is typically told to eliminate salt from their diet, but a recent study indicates that weight loss is as effective as salt restriction in controlling high blood pressure. (Archives of Internal Medicine 157:657-667, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/OSTEOARTHRITIS
A five-year study of dogs revealed that limiting food intake reduced the incidence of osteoarthritis. (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210(2)222-225, January 15, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

GARLIC/BLADDER CANCER
Garlic has been used medicinally down through history, with reports of benefit for a wide range of diseases. Some studies have indicated that it may possess antitumor properties. A study from the Department of Urology at West Virginia University School of Medicine showed that laboratory mice given aged garlic extract in their drinking water before and after being injected with tumor cells known to cause bladder cancer had slowed growth of the tumors. Those mice who were given the highest percentage of garlic in their drinking water had slower tumor growth than those given less garlic.
Epidemiologists predicted that about 52,900 new cases of bladder cancer would be diagnosed in the United States in 1996, and that 11,700 people would die of it. (Cancer 79:1987094, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/KIDNEY STONES
Because calcium is known to play a role in kidney stone formation physicians have been placing their kidney stone patients on low calcium diets. There have been no good studies that show benefit from this dietary restriction.
A recent 12-year study of over 91,000 women being followed in the Nurses' Health Study, indicates that dietary calcium decreases the risk of kidney stones, while calcium supplements increase the risk. The researchers point out that foods are more than the sum of their nutrients. Other factors in food may impact utilization and absorption.
They also observed that sucrose and sodium intake increase the risk of kidney stones, while fluid intake and potassium reduce the risk. (Annals of Internal Medicine 126(7)497-504, April 1, 1997). Another reason to get your vitamins and minerals from food instead of pills.
It is believed that calcium in food ties up oxalates present in other foods, reducing the amount of oxalate available to form stones. Oxalates are among the commonest substances causing kidney stones. Copyright Phylis Austin

FAT FREE FOODS/SUGAR
Many low fat foods are high in sugar. Read food labels and eliminate those with more than 11 grams of refined sugar per serving. (Bottom Line Personal, May 15, 1997, p. 16) That figures out to a little over two teaspoons of sugar per serving, still quite a sugar jolt. Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/DUODENAL ULCER
A diet high in fruits, vegetables and vitamin A reduces the risk of duodenal ulcer according to a Harvard study. Dr. Meir Stampfer and his group followed over 47,000 men over a six-year period and documented 138 new duodenal ulcer cases. The men in the study group who did not have duodenal ulcer consumed more fruits and vegetables than did the ulcer subjects. Earlier studies have suggested a beneficial effect of fiber in the treatment of duodenal ulcers; fruits and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber and vitamin A.
It is known that Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of duodenal ulcer, but whether it requires an additional factor to produce an ulcer or whether the fruits and vegetables protect from Helicobacter pylori is not yet understood. (American Journal of Epidemiology 145:42-50, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

HIGH FAT DIETS/PROSTATE CANCER
High fat diets increase the level of testosterone, a male hormone. Prostate cancer is more common in men with high testosterone levels. Men in the study group who consumed a high- fat, low-fiber diet had testosterone levels 13 to 15 percent higher than those who consumed a low-fat, high-fiber diet. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64:850-5, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/BLADDER CANCER
The use of fried foods increases the risk of bladder cancer, while the use of fruit decreases the risk according to a recent report from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. (American Journal of Epidemiology 144:484-495, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY FAT/INSULIN SENSITIVITY
The intake of large amounts of dietary fat worsens insulin sensitivity, increasing one's risk of developing diabetes mellitus. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65(1)79-87, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

POLYUNSATURATED FAT/BONES
Consumption of polyunsaturated fat may slow bone growth. Polyunsaturated fat is converted to prostaglandin E2, which reduces the amount of growth factor 1 produced. Growth factor 1 is low in women with osteoporosis. (Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 11(9) 1321-1332) Copyright Phylis Austin

CALCIUM/OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES
A two-year, four city study of over 9,000 women over the age of 65 revealed that calcium has no beneficial effect on osteoporotic fracture risk. Interestingly, the subjects in the study who were taking calcium supplements had higher rates of hip and vertebral fractures; those who were using Tums antacid tablets had increased rates of proximal humerus fractures. (American Journal of Epidemiology 145:926-34, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

PRESCHOOLERS/FRUIT JUICE/GROWTH
Preschoolers who consume more than 12 ounces of fruit juice per day are at increased risk of obesity and short stature. Earlier reports have indicated that excessive juice consumption may contribute to nonorganic failure to thrive. (Pediatrics 99:15-22, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIET/LEAD POISONING
Young children who consume diets high in fat and calories are at increased risk of lead poisoning according to Mary Sexton of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore. High lead levels are a common problem in young children living in older homes, and produce many unwanted effects, including hindering mental development. The more fat and calories the children in the study group consumed the higher the lead levels in their blood. Animal studies have shown that bile acids which are produced during the digestion of fats actually increase lead absorption. (Pediatrics 97(1)74-78, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT CHANGE/DIABETES RISK
An increase in weight increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, particularly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. As the amount of weight gain increases so does the incidence of diabetes.
Because of the increases in body mass seen in America since the 1980's many anticipate a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the future. (American Journal of Epidemiology 146(3)214-22, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

SUPPLEMENTS/CALCIUM LOSS
Some vitamin and mineral supplements contain vitamin D, although this fact is not on the label. A study from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the University of California at Los Angeles discovered that very high doses of vitamin D produce "vitamin D intoxication," which causes the body to increase the amount of calcium excreted in the urine. (Annals of Internal Medicine 127(3)203-206, August 1, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

CHILDHOOD BEHAVIOR/OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
A study of almost 100 boys aged 6 to 12 years of age showed that those with temper tantrums, anxiety, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and sleep disorders had lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids. They also had more general health problems, and more learning disorders.
The boys with low omega-3 fatty acids were also more likely to report dry skin, excessive thirst, and more frequent urination. Earlier studies in laboratory animals had demonstrated this symptom complex in animals with low levels of omega-3 fatty acids. (Physiology and Behavior 59(4-5)915-920, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

SALT/CALCIUM LOSS
Those who take a high salt diet lose more calcium in their urine than those on a low salt diet. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63:735-740, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

LOW SALT DIET/DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Diabetics are at increased risk of nephropathy (inflammation or damage to the kidneys). A team of Australian researchers suggest that a low salt diet reduces this risk. Diabetics are currently placed on low protein diets in an attempt to reduce this risk. (Diabetes 46:119-124, 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin

WEIGHT GAIN IN MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
The incidence of multiple births has increased over the past 20 years, and currently about 2 percent of pregnant women carry twin gestations. The amount of weight these women should gain remains an unanswered question. The National Academy of Sciences suggested in 1990 that women carrying twin gestations should gain between 35 and 45 pounds during the pregnancy. Over 900 women were interviewed over a four-year period. Those with the most favorable pregnancy outcomes did not smoke, and gained 40 to 45 pounds. The researchers concluded that women carrying twins should gain at least one pound a week, with an overall weight gain of 35 pounds or more. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association 96(2)178-181, February 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

BAKER'S YEAST/CANDIDA ALBICANS YEAST INFECTION
Women who do not wash their hands thoroughly after baking bread or using baker's yeast for any purpose may transfer the yeast to their vaginal area, where it may cause a yeast infection. (Medical Tribune: Obstetrician and Gynecologist Edition 4(6) 1997) Copyright Phylis Austin