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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

VACCINE-INDUCED POLIOMYELITIS
Polio vaccine may induce poliomyelitis in some people. A recent report involved two cases which developed after oral polio vaccine. A four-month old child developed polio three weeks after having been given the vaccine, and the mother of a six-month old child who had been given oral polio vaccine developed polio which was proven related to her child's vaccine. (Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 73:133-134, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

SILVER NITRATE
Silver nitrate has routinely been placed in the eyes of newborn infants to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, an infection of the eyes due to venereal disease, which often leads to blindness. A recent review indicates that silver nitrate is not effective in preventing all cases of this disease, and it regularly produces a chemical inflammation of the eyes, with pain and decrease in vision. The author of this study points out that there is a very low incidence of this disease today, that it can be more effectively treated now than previously, and that other methods of prevention are just as effective and have fewer side-effects. (Canadian Medical Association Journal 131:193-196, August 1, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

HEPARIN/BLOOD CLOTS
Some patients given heparin to prevent blood clots may instead develop clots, apparently due to the heparin. This study suggests that some blood clots formerly thought due to bed rest may instead have been due to the heparin given to prevent clots. (Medical Journal of Australia 2:111-112, 1983) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

ROYAL JELLY/TESTOSTERONE
Royal jelly has been shown to contain a substance apparently identical to testosterone, the distinctive male hormone. (Experientia 40(1)104-106, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

INVERSION DEVICES
A study from Riverside Methodist Hospital and The Ohio State University suggests that inversion devices may be useful in the treatment of low back pain. However, the authors caution that the devices should be used only under medical supervision because of the possibility of side effects. (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 66:100-102, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

FISH STING TREATMENT
A simple and effective treatment for fish stings is immersion of the area in hot water. Eighty percent of patients in this study received complete relief of symptoms. Some of the patients had been treated with antibiotics, epinephrine, antihistamines and corticosteroids without success before receiving this treatment. (American Medical News, February 15, 1985, p. 37) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

OROTIC ACID/DNA DAMAGE
Orotic acid, which has been sold in health food stores to lower cholesterol, has been shown to promote liver cancer and cause damage to liver DNA molecules. (Carcinogenesis 6(5)765-768, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

The theory of the low-fiber diet was to reduce gastric acidity. It is now known that wholemeal bread (high in fiber) reduced acidity more than white bread (low in fiber). Rice and wheat bran have been shown to have a higher acid buffering ability than refined foods such as white flour and polished rice. Copyright Phylis Austin

It is known that food stimulates the production of gastric acid and we now understand that eating late in the evening increases acid production during the night. Copyright Phylis Austin

A study reported in 1982 showed that duodenal ulcer patients swallowed four times as often as those who do not suffer ulceration. The authors of the study feel that the air swallowed distends the stomach, causing a higher acid production. A high fiber diet may shorten the time it takes to pass this air through the intestinal tract, possibly causing less distention and less acid production. Copyright Phylis Austin

S. L. Malhotra observed that recurrence of duodenal ulcer was lower in patients who were placed on an unrefined wheat diet forced more chewing of the food, which increased saliva production and decreased acid and biliary output. (Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 20 (Suppl 110)29-33, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

Repair of the episiotomy may require narcotics, which make the mother less responsive to the newborn and which may be passed to the infant via breast milk. Pain may hinder the let-down reflex, decreasing ability to breast feed. A study of 300 women revealed that 2 percent of women who did not undergo episiotomy had perineal pain one week after delivery, while 37 percent of those who had episiotomies were still suffering pain. Sexual activity was often more painful after episiotomy, even after expert repair and rapid healing. Episiotomies may tear into the rectum and anal sphincter, possibly decreasing bowel control later in life. Episiotomy may shorten the second stage of labor, but only by two to four contractions, and the prolonged pain after delivery far outweighs that minor advantage. (Journal of Nurse-Midwifery, 30(3)144-148, May-June, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

ROUNDWORM INFESTATION
Nearly all puppies are infected with roundworm. Larvae ingested by children may remain for years and produce neurologic deficits. Relative risk of roundworm infestation is estimated to be 16.4 if a child has a puppy and eats dirt. (American Journal of Epidemiology 122(3)515, September, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

POTATO PEEL/BURNS
A study from India reported the use of boiled potato peel in the treatment of mild burns. Potatoes are soaked, washed, and boiled for 20 minutes in clean water. Peels are removed without any adherent pulp. Peels may be stored in cotton gauze saturated in normal saline, placed in sterilized bottles and stored at 4 degrees C. Copyright Phylis Austin

To use the peels the doctors washed them in sterile saline and placed the inner surface of the peel against the burn. Two layers of saline-treated gauze were applied over the potato peel, then a bandage was placed over that. If the burn appeared infected the dressings were changed daily; if no infection was present redressing was done every 4-8 days. If little discharge was present when the peels were removed, the surface of the burn and the surface of the potato peel were wiped off and reapplied. If much discharge was present the peels were discarded, the wound cleaned with normal saline, and fresh potato peel applied. (Burns Including Thermal Injury 11(3)220-4, February, 1985) The potato peel acts as artificial skin. Copyright Phylis Austin

BOTTLED WATER/TAP WATER
Many Americans buy bottled water in an attempt to avoid the chemicals found in tap water. A study reported at a symposium on workplace hazards revealed that bottled water may be contaminated by radiation, asbestos, dry cleaning fluids, and other volatile compounds. (Internal Medicine News 18(18)22, September 15-30, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

Bamboo shoots, celery, cabbage, lettuce, dried beans, lentils and dried peas contain low levels of salicylates, as do fresh tomatoes. Processed tomatoes (canned tomatoes, tomato soup, paste and sauce) contain significant levels, probably due to the herbs and spices added in processing. Curry powder, paprika, thyme, dill powder, tumeric and oregano contain high levels of salicylates. Teas are high in salicylates. Carob and legumes have only small amounts. Peanuts in the skin, almonds, and water chestnuts all contain moderate salicylate levels, while coconut, sesame, poppy and sunflower seeds contain small amounts. Most whole grain cereals contain little or no salicylates. (Journal of the American Dietetic Association 85:177-960, August, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

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One dose of capsaicin is sufficient to destroy almost all substance P (an important nerve chemical related to endorphins) in the dorsal root ganglia of the nervous system, and causes about a 50 percent loss from part of the spinal cord. Loss of substance P may also lead to urinary retention, and because of the partial paralyzing effect on the bladder, is undoubtedly only part of why peppers irritate the bladder and prostate. Even low doses lead to low core body temperature (hypothermia), also due to a toxic influence on the brain. Capsaicin also interferes with glucose uptake, and at least one study suggests that it may cause cancer of the duodenum. (Nutrition Reviews 44(1)20-23, January, 1986) An earlier report (Anticancer Research 4:117-120, 1984) revealed the tumorigenic and mutagenic effect of capsaicin. Copyright Phylis Austin

Coffee (regular and decaffeinated), cola drinks, tea, chocolate, tomato products, spices, citrus juices, alcohol, and milk may all be irritants and should be eliminated from the diet. (Gastroenterology and Endoscopy News 37(2)18, February, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

He has also observed that factors other than caffeine may be responsible for these changes. Theobromine (in chocolate), theophylline (in tea), nicotine (in cigarettes) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors may also induce catecholamine release. Hormonal, emotional and physical factors also may increase the action of catecholamines. Copyright Phylis Austin

A breast pain related to intercostal neuralgia rather than to fibrocystic breast disease is also seen in individuals who consume considerable amounts of caffeine and nicotine. The onset of this pain is often related to physical exercise, but dietary management and rest of the upper body produces symptom relief. (Journal of the American Medical Association 255(2)259-260, January 10, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER BITES
Physicians have recommended the use of heat in the treatment of brown recluse spider bites, but a new study from Vanderbilt University reports that the use of cold reduces inflammation and development of lesions. They state that heat and immediate surgery should be avoided. Many cases of brown recluse bites are not serious, but may be made so by the use of heat. (Journal of the American Medical Association 254(20)2896, November, 22/29, 1985) We have had excellent results with charcoal compresses. Mix charcoal powder in water, spread on a folded paper towel, lay directly on the bite. Change the compress every ten minutes for the first hour, then every half hour for the rest of the day. Change the compress every two hours during the night and the rest of the second day. Then change every eight hours for one week. Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

SUNSHINE
A British Navy study of the effects of lack of sunshine in men in submarines revealed that vitamin D stores diminished with only two to three weeks without sunshine exposure. This depletion was sufficient to cause inadequate calcium adsorption, despite a good diet. (Internal Medicine News 18(5)29, March, 1-14, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

Dr. Walter Mertz of the Human Nutrition Research Center of the United States Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland, observed that the absorption of iron and zinc is blocked by calcium supplements. (Modern Medicine, April 1986, p. 20, 25) Copyright Phylis Austin

Some researchers have suggested that up to 75 percent of all mental illness may be food intolerance related. A 1983 study revealed relief of obsessional rumination by dietary regulation. (Human Nutrition 40A:141-145, 1986) ED - The association between foods and emotions, social, and criminal behavior is just beginning to be recognized. We have long believed that nine-tenths of misbehavior of children could be traced to wrong habits of eating and drinking. Copyright Phylis Austin

SWIMMER'S EAR
David E. Bright, a Florida physician, writes that homemade eardrops may prevent recurrent swimmer's ear. He suggests a mixture of one ounce each of isopropyl alcohol, white vinegar (5% acetic acid), and water. Drop three to four drops into each ear after swimming. The mixture should keep for a week, even without refrigeration. (Consultant, September 30, 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

Advocates of the tanning beds claim that they increase vitamin D levels in the skin, but UVB is required for vitamin D production. Copyright Phylis Austin

Some conditions, including melasma (dark pigmentation of the skin), lupus erythematosus, itching, vitiligo (localized depigmented areas), albinism, xeroderma pigmentosum, and porphyria cutanea tarda, may be worsened by ultraviolet A exposure. (American Family Physician 32(3)142-146, September 1985) Copyright Phylis Austin

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CALCIUM/OSTEOPOROSIS
Two investigators doing independent research suggested at the meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research that dietary calcium bears no relationship to the development of osteoporosis. Copyright Phylis Austin

Calcium supplement sales are expected to reach 166 million dollars in 1986. Dr. Richard Mazess of the University of Wisconsin calls calcium "the laetrile of osteoporosis," and points out that there are no studies evaluating the safety or efficacy of calcium supplements. It is known that high calcium intakes can interfere with vitamin D utilization (also necessary for bone cell formation) and may cause kidney stones. Copyright Phylis Austin

Michael Parfit, osteoporosis researcher at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, observes that the 1984 National Institutes of Health panel report recommending the use of calcium to prevent osteoporosis is based on weak evidence. Copyright Phylis Austin

B. Lawrence Riggs, Mayo Clinic researcher, reported a study of 107 Rochester, Minnesota women, 23 to 88 years-of-age. Dr. Riggs followed them for 4.3 years, with repeated measurements of their bone density. Calcium consumption in the study group ranged from 269 to 2000 milligrams daily, but the researchers could demonstrate no relationship between bone loss and calcium intake, even on the lowest calcium intake. Copyright Phylis Austin

C. Christiansen from Golstrup Hospital in Denmark reported a two- year study in which 43 women were placed on calcium supplements, placebos or estrogen. Calcium was ineffective in preventing bone loss. Copyright Phylis Austin

Mazees states that in population studies adjusted for body size and ethnic origin, individuals with high calcium intakes did not have denser bones than those on low calcium intakes. (Science 233:519- 520, August 1, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

TELEVISION/SUICIDE
Some have felt that the rates of suicide increase after a feature television program or a news report of a suicide. A study from the Department of Sociology at the University of California, reveals that teenage suicide rates increase during the seven day period following the media coverage. Rates of female suicides increased 13.46 percent, while male rates increased only 5.18 percent, a fact which the authors report is in keeping with the commonly held view that females are more influenced by others than are males. (New England Journal of Medicine 315:685-689, September 11, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

Some studies suggest that a diet high in salt in childhood may be more important in the development of high blood pressure than salt taken later in life. A taste for salt is felt to be acquired during childhood. Mothers may be wise to consider the amount of salt in their children's breakfast cereal. (New England Journal of Medicine 314(16)1052-3, April 17, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

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PHYSICAL FITNESS/SLEEP
Physical fitness seems to improve sleep quality according to a study of army recruits. (European Journal of Applied Physiology 53:1-4, 1984) Copyright Phylis Austin

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TRYPTOPHAN
I have heard that tryptophan found in milk, eggs, and meat, will help me sleep. Is this true?
A. In actuality it is serotonin and not tryptophan which you are interested in obtaining. The body metabolizes tryptophan to form serotonin, so the question is not merely one of obtaining tryptophan, but of assisting the body to produce it. Serotonin is known to improve the mood, and this may allow some people to fall asleep more readily.
Studies done by Judith and Richard J. Wurtman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology cause us to question whether the high-protein foods actually live up the claims made for them. Their experiments indicate that foods high in protein may hinder rather than help tryptophan metabolism. Other amino acids compete with tryptophan for absorption sites, decreasing tryptophan absorption. The Wurtmans feel that carbohydrate foods are more effective sources of tryptophan than are protein foods.
Unrefined carbohydrates are metabolized more slowly, providing a more gradual and sustained nutrient release, preventing sharp increases and decreases in insulin levels. Tryptophan supplements are not handled by the body the same way as in the natural state, and the benefit reported by those who use supplements is probably more psychological than physiological. Recent studies have shown that tryptophan supplements may cause liver injury. Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

COMFREY-PEPSIN
Comfrey (symphytum) and pepsin capsules are being sold as digestive aids in health food stores. It is known that regular and heavy use of comfrey may cause cancer. Some alkaloids found in these supplements are toxic to the liver, and one woman developed occlusive disease of her veins while taking comfrey-pepsin tablets. (The New England Journal of Medicine 315(17)1095, October 23, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

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PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
Elderly persons and others with severe or chronic health problems are often advised to take the pneumococcal vaccine to protect them during times of high incidence of flu and other respiratory infections. A four-year Veterans Administration study revealed that these immunizations are ineffective in preventing either bronchitis or pneumonia. They were unable to detect any differences between the patients in their study who received the vaccine and those who were given placebo, and could identify no sub-population that appeared to benefit from the vaccine. (New England Journal of Medicine 315(21)1318-27, November 20, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

ROUTINE URINALYSIS
A California study revealed that routine urinalysis done on hospital admission produces little benefit to the patient. Dr. F. Allan Hubbell, an internist, says that even when a urinalysis is abnormal it rarely changes the way the patient is treated. (Medical World News, March 24, 1986, p. 30) Copyright Phylis Austin

SALT/BOTTLED WATER
Some bottled waters contain excessively high levels of sodium (salt). Individuals on low-salt diets should be aware of the possibility that salt intake may be greatly increased by using bottled water. (Journal of the American Medical Association 244(5)436-437, August 1, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

COLD SPREAD
Hand-to-hand contact is probably the most common method of cold virus spread. (Medical Tribune 27(30)1,16,October 29, 1986). Washing the hands frequently during cold season and keeping the hands away from the eyes, nose, and mouth will decrease a person's chances of catching a cold. Copyright Phylis Austin

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CONTACT SPORTS/MORAL DEVELOPMENT
A University of California at Berkeley study reveals that children who engage in such high-contact games as football develop moral standards more slowly, are more aggressive off the playing field, and less mature in their moral reasoning (Physician and Sports-Medicine 14(12)31-34, December, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

BAKING SODA (SODIUM BICARBONATE, BICARBONATE OF SODA)
Baking soda, even in small doses, stimulates gastric secretion. With small doses this stimulation occurs after a period of alkalinity. With large doses the stomach may be unable to produce sufficient hydrochloric acid by the time the food enters the intestine. Fermentation product formation is encouraged by the administration of bicarbonate of soda. If a person uses baking soda over a long period of time the effects are prolonged. Baking soda given immediately prior to food intake temporarily prevents digestion, slows pepsin production, and encourages fermentation. (Journal of American Medical Association 21:60-61, 1893) Copyright Phylis Austin

INFLUENZA VACCINE/PNEUMONIA DEATHS
Influenza immunization effectiveness in elderly individuals is not known. A study performed in a 514 bed nursing home in New York revealed that residents who received vaccination did not differ from non-vaccinated persons in influenza-related pneumonia incidence (Archives of Internal Medicine 146:2353-2357, December, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

IATROGENIC HOSPITALIZATIONS
A study carried out at Cleveland General Hospital suggests that about 5 percent of all hospital admissions may be iatrogenic (produced by doctor-prescribed treatments or drugs). Nearly half of these episodes were felt to be avoidable. (Archives of Internal Medicine 146:1931, October, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SWIMMING/BONE MINERAL
Swimming, even if started in adulthood, produces increased bone mineral content, suggesting that it may be helpful in the prevention of osteoporosis. It may be good exercise for those who are unable to do more vigorous exercise. Bone mineral content in swimmers was 12 percent higher than in non-swimmers. (Internal Medicine News 20(7)27, April 1-14, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

HICCUP
An 1986 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association gives a cure for hiccup. W. L. Robbins, M.D., of Washington D.C. suggested that immediately after a hiccup the person close his mouth and inhale through his nose, breathing in as much air as possible. Hold the breath as long as possible. When one is forced to exhale the hiccups should be gone, but in some cases the procedure must be carried out a second time. (Journal of the American Medical Association 26:338, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

HEAD-DOWN TILT/DIURESIS
Patients who have decreased renal function, edema, or ascites may benefit from lying in a 10 degree head-down tilted position. Studies carried out in India revealed that this position increased fluid excretion and served as a natural diuretic. (The Lancet 2:525-528, Sept. 5, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

IRON/PHYTATE
A study from Pakistan suggests that dietary phytate has little to do with the bioavailability of iron. (Nutrition Research 7(8) 833-842, August, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

IPECAC/DEATH
A normal 2-year-old boy given a therapeutic dose of ipecac, a medication given to induce vomiting after poisoning, developed gastric rupture leading to death. He was observed for a while in the emergency room, during which time he vomited twice. He appeared to be doing well and was sent home. About 24 hours later he was brought back to the emergency room with complaints of constant crying and vomiting. He had not had bloody vomit and physical examination appeared basically normal. The physician felt that the child had developed gastroenteritis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach), and ordered that the child be placed on clear fluids for 24 hours. The child was again sent home. At home the child continued to cry and vomit the remainder of the day and into the night. About 5 a.m. the next day he stopped crying and the mother fell asleep. About three hours later the mother found the child dead. Autopsy showed acute esophagitis (inflammation of the lower esophagus), with ulcerations, softening, and rupture of the walls of the stomach, cerebral edema (swelling of the brain) and lung changes. Other ipecac-associated deaths have been reported in the medical literature. (Southern Medical Journal 80:786-787, June 1987) We are recommending more and more that charcoal be used in cases of poisoning as it is both safe and effective. Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

INFLUENZA VACCINE
Minnesota pediatricians have been counseled by the American Academy of Pediatrics to avoid the use of Hemophilus influenza type b vaccine as it may not be effective, and in some cases may actually increase the risk of having influenza. A study in Minnesota showed that immunized children developed influenza more frequently than those who were not immunized. (Pediatric News 21(12)1, 14, December, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

GENDER KITS
Kits sold claiming to assist parents in selecting the gender of their child have been called gross deception by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA, in the fall of 1986 told Procare Industries that it must stop distributing the kits, but the company plans to sell a new version, still not FDA approved. The kit claims that by properly timing sexual intercourse the parents can select their child's sex. (Medical Times, November, 11987, p. 75-76) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

HOME MEDICAL TESTS
Americans spent $668 million on home medical tests in a recent year. Twenty percent of American households use at least one test every three months. While sometimes helpful in health maintenance if these tests are improperly performed results may be misleading.
While there are various types of tests some general guidelines apply. Use a test which has been properly stored, away from excessive temperature and humidity. If the test is dated be sure it has not expired. Read the instructions carefully and follow each step as outlined. Note any food, activity or drug restrictions listed. If a container is provided use it as your own container may have residues that invalidate the test. If no container is provided rinse your own thoroughly with distilled water. Carry out timing steps with precision, using an accurate timepiece.
Blood glucose tests are in common use. There are two main type of reflectance meters and strip tests. Reflectance meters are more accurate. Elderly or colorblind people may have difficulty with colors, which may fall between two shades on the scale. Meters are more expensive, must be programmed and require some basic skill to operate. Maintenance is important to keep meters accurate. Whether a strip or meter is used certain frequently made mistakes may make the test invalid. The blood sample should cover enough of the pad and must be left on the pad for a sufficient length of time. The blood must be properly blotted with cotton or rayon balls. Gauze should not be used. Strips exposed to humidity, heat, or kept after the expiration date are inaccurate. If a meter is used the test window should be clean, the strip must be properly inserted into the machine, and the meter must be properly calibrated. If test strips are used the strip should be compared with the color chart for that container; not another chart of a different control number.
Urine sugar or glucose tests may be invalidated by aspirin or vitamin C intake. Urine may remain in the bladder for long periods of time, making readings not timely. Urine glucose levels may read negative even when blood glucose levels are sufficiently high to cause neurologic or circulatory damage, because most of the urine came from blood which passed through the kidney filter several hours before when blood sugar levels were lower.
Blood pressure readings must be taken with the arm level with the heart and with the proper sized cuff. Elderly people may get false readings because of poor hearing.
Blood in the stool may indicate colon cancer. This test is one of the fastest growing tests. There are several types, probably the simplest using a specially prepared tissue or pad which is dropped into the toilet after a bowel movement. Another type requires that the stool be placed on a slide which is sent in for reading. Three tests are generally packaged together and all three tests should be performed on consecutive bowel movements. Menstruation, constipation, hemorrhoids or diarrhea may interfere with the test. Suppositories, rectal ointments, iron supplements, aspirin and vitamin C should be avoided before the test, as should the intake of meat, melons, horseradish or turnips.
Ovulation tests are used to determine the most fertile time of the menstrual cycle. These kits measure the urine level of luteinizing hormone (LH). There is an LH surge approximately mid-cycle which stimulates ovulation (release of the egg from the fallopian tube). If intercourse occurs five days before the egg is released or 24 hours afterward, pregnancy may occur. Some drugs, menopause, and diluted urine may make the ovulation test inaccurate.
Pregnancy tests also require a urine sample. The developing placenta produces human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Levels are highest early in the morning, so the first urine of the day is tested. For greatest accuracy, the test should probably be performed seven to nine days after the first missed menstrual period. Ectopic pregnancy (the egg stays in the fallopian tube), vibration, or sunlight may invalidate the test. (Journal of American Osteopathic Association 87(12)861-866, December, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

JOGGING/WALKING/PHYSICAL FITNESS
Walking, properly done, is as effective in physical conditioning as is running, reports Dr. Mort Malkin, a member of the American College of Sports Medicine. He points out that there is less risk of injury with walking. A New York Runner's club study revealed that almost half of runners are injured during their first two years of running.
Frequency, intensity and distance are the factors essential to fitness says Dr. Malkin. The exercise must be performed at least three to four times a week, distance must be three to four miles, and the typical person must be able to cover a mile in 15 minutes to achieve the aerobic threshold.
Any exercise program should include warm-up and cool-down phases. (Surgical Practice News, October, 1986) Copyright Phylis Austin

FOOD LABELING/OILS
Coconut, palm and palm kernel oils are being used in increasing amounts by the food industry, despite the fact that they are saturated fats. Consumers who read labels are unable to determine which oil the food actually contains because of vague labeling. Oils may be listed as 100 percent vegetable oil (coconut, palm and palm kernel oil contain more saturated fat than most animal oils), but the consumer assumes that because it is vegetable oil the product does not contain saturated fat. Labels may also contain vague listings. The industry is able to utilize whatever oil is most readily available (and least expensive), but the consumer is never certain exactly what type of fat the product contains. (Environmental Nutrition, January 1988, p. 1, 3) Copyright Phylis Austin

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IPECAC/EMERGENCY ROOM STAYS
A study from the Division of Emergency Medicine at the University of California at Davis, showed that the use of ipecac in poisoning cases resulted in longer stays in the emergency room and higher rates of complication than did the use of charcoal. Patients given ipecac had a complication rate of 5.4 percent, while those given charcoal had a complication rate of only 0.9 percent. The authors conclude that routine ipecac use in the emergency room should be abandoned in favor of charcoal. (Annals of Emergency Medicine 17(4)402, April, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

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VASECTOMY/KIDNEY STONES
Men who have undergone vasectomy are apparently at increased risk of developing kidney stones. Men in the 30 to 40-year-old range appear to be at greatest risk. Other urinary tract changes associated with vasectomy include elevated blood urea nitrogen levels, urinary frequency, and a higher rate of hospitalization for urinary tract evaluation studies. (The Lancet 1:22-23, January 2-9, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

DIETARY FAT/MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Women placed on a low fat diet reported an improvement in menstrual cycle symptoms. Fluid retention was decreased and the women generally had increased feelings of well-being and higher energy levels. (Physiology and Behavior 40:483-487, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

IBUPROFEN/MENINGITIS
Several reports have appeared in the medical literature of patients who have developed meningitis (inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord) following the use of ibuprofen, an over-the-counter pain medication (sold as Medipren, Advil, Motrin, Nuprin, and several others.) (The Lancet 1:59, January 2-9, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

RADIATION OVERDOSES
Radiation machines used in treatment of cancer have inadvertently given patients many times the intended dosage. Two patients received at least 2,000 times the radiation which was ordered. The machines, Therac-25 linear accelerators malfunctioned and the FDA required modification of the machines. At least five patients in various parts of the country are known to have received massive overdoses. (FDA Consumer 21(10)37-38, December 1987-January 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

MEATS
An article in an 1988 issue of THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION titled "Danger Lurks in Your Supermarket Meat Cases" points out that from 1971 to 1985 salmonella cases in the United States have more than doubled. They estimate that over five million disease cases and over 9,000 deaths occur each year due to pathogens commonly found in food animals. The author states "Most people... have no idea that meats, poultry, and seafood should be considered already contaminated with one or more serious pathogens that will rub off on their hands, sinks, counters, cutting boards, and knives, and then contaminate the next item touched and remain viable in products not cooked adequately." (Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 192(4)494- 497, February 15, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

INFANT SLEEP PROBLEMS/COW'S MILK ALLERGY
Researchers at the Pediatric Sleep Laboratory in Switzerland have observed that many children with otherwise unexplained sleep problems may be suffering from milk allergy, and once milk is removed from the diet the infants develop normal sleep patterns. Infants in this study group demonstrated difficulties getting to sleep initially, and staying asleep during the night. Many of these infants had been poor sleepers since birth. Some of them had been breast-fed, but had received cow's milk proteins through their mother's breast milk. The researchers suggest that sleep problems which cannot be traced to other causes be given a four-week trial of a cow's milk protein free diet, remembering that if the child is being breast-fed the mother will have to abstain from milk as well. (Sleep 10(2)116-121, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

PRURITUS ANI (RECTAL ITCHING)
Coffee, regular and decaffeinated, is the most common food-induced cause of pruritus ani, according to a University of Washington School of Medicine study, with dairy products following close behind. Coffee and dairy proteins are felt to be responsible for about 90 percent of food-induced pruritus ani, while cola, chocolate, tea, beer, tomatoes and vitamin C supplements are responsible for the remaining ten percent. A three-week trial eliminating the suspected allergens may relieve symptoms. (Medical Times, November 1987, p. 89-94) Copyright Phylis Austin

SPERMICIDES/URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Women who have a history of urinary tract infection may increase their risk of recurrence with the use of spermicides for contraception. (Medical World News 28(24)37, 38, December 28, 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

HOT WATER SOAKS/PLANTAR WARTS
Dr. Samuel Moschella of Harvard Medical School reports that hot water soaks are very effective in the treatment of plantar warts. He instructs patients to soak their feet in water of 110 to 113 degrees F. for 30 to 90 minutes once a week for eight weeks. (Internal Medicine News 21(3)31, February 1-14, 1988) Plantar warts are found on the sole of the foot and are often painful. Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

LAXATIVES/CANCER
Danthron, a common laxative ingredient, has been shown to cause cancer of the large intestine and liver cancer in laboratory animals. During 1985 over 3 million packages of danthron- containing laxatives were sold in the United States. (Public Citizen Health Research Group Health Letter 3(4)9, April 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

HOSPITAL ADMISSION TESTS
Three researchers reported to a conference on common diagnostic tests sponsored by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine that many common hospital admission tests are valueless.
Dr. Ary L. Goldberger of Harvard Medical School, states that electrocardiograms (EKGs) are not indicated in all hospital admissions. He states that these tests are not useful in low risk patients, and false-positive tests may suggest the need for treatment when it is not required.
Dr. Randall Cebul, Chief of General Medicine at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, reported that the information gleaned from biochemical profiles was inadequate to warrant their use on routine admission.
Routine chest x-rays of 3,523 patients led to changes in treatment in only four cases, according to Dr. Alvin I. Mushlin of the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. He pointed out that these x-rays waste resources, and provide little useful clinical information. In the United States $1.5 billion are spent each year on chest x-rays. Another study revealed that there were 10 false positive x-rays for every one true positive. In this same study of 207 patients, chest x-rays led to a change in treatment in nine patients; three patients benefitted from the change in treatment, while 6 of the 9 suffered detrimental results. (Internal Medicine News 21(15)12, August 1-14, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

CARBONATED BEVERAGES/BONE FRACTURES
Former college athletes who consume non-alcoholic beverages are more likely to sustain bone fractures than are those who do not use these beverages. It is felt that the high phosphorus content of these commonly used drinks may interfere with calcium absorption.
The authors of this same study report that a low fat diet assists in the prevention of bone fractures. (Journal of Orthopaedic Research 7:91-99, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

TONSILLITIS/ZINC
Low zinc levels reduce the body's ability to resist infection. Two women who underwent tonsillectomies for repeated episodes of tonsillitis developed acute zinc deficiency after surgery. The women responded promptly to the administration of zinc. This study suggests that their repeated attacks of tonsillitis were due to an unrecognized zinc deficiency which was worsened by the surgery. (Western Journal of Medicine 149:457, 1988) Copyright Phylis Austin

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HEARING LOSS/FARM CHILDREN
Teenagers raised on a farm are nearly twice as likely to have hearing loss as are non-farm children. A study carried out in Wisconsin suggests that exposure to the noise of farm equipment may permanently damage the hearing apparatus, and suggests that hearing protection equipment be worn by machine operators. Adult farmers have been shown in several studies to have high incidences of hearing loss, and this study suggests that the damage may begin in childhood.
Hearing in the left ear was more likely to be affected than the right ear, as many operators look over their right shoulder to observe their work.
Non-farm people who utilize snowmobiles, motorcycles, power tools and firearms are also advised to protect their hearing. (American Journal of Public Health 79:619-622, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SHIFT WORK/HEALTH PROBLEMS
Workers who work rotating shifts are at greater risk than the general population of suffering insomnia, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiovascular disorders. They are also less productive than those who always work the same hours.
Martin Moore-Ede, M.D., Ph.D., professor of Physiology at Harvard Medical School and founder and director of the Institute for Circadian Physiology in Boston, and Gary S. Richardson, M.D. of Harvard Medical School make the following suggestions for those who must work rotating shifts: (1) Shifts should be rotated forward, rather than backward, and each shift should be maintained for 1-2 weeks before changing. The body seems able to adjust its cycle only 1-2 hours a day, requiring almost a week to make a six-hour schedule adjustment. (2) The worker should maintain a consistent schedule during the two weeks. His meals and sleep time should be at the same time each day. The body is allowed to adjust its rhythms without conflicting signals. (3) For daytime sleep a darkened, cool, and quiet room must be provided. Bright indoor light rapidly readjusts the circadian rhythm, despite the sleep schedule, and will cause the body to think that it should be shifting into active gear, rather than slowing down for sleep. (4) Sleep medications should be avoided as they hinder adjustment to the new schedule. (Patient Care, February 15, 1989, p. 27-28) Copyright Phylis Austin

SLEEP PROBLEMS
Children whose parents put them to bed and leave the room, leaving the child to go to sleep on his own, are more likely to sleep through the night than are those whose parents remain with them until they fall asleep. Children whose parents were present when the child fell asleep were more likely to awaken during the night, and require parental assistance to get back to sleep. (Pediatric Research 25(4 Pt. 2)10A, April, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

ACRYLIC/COTTON SOCKS
Athletic trainers have advocated the use of "natural" cotton socks for many years, but no studies have been conducted to validate this theory. A recent study carried out at the California College of Podiatric Medicine showed that acrylic was more effective than cotton in preventing friction blisters and in dissipating moisture. Those who wore cotton socks during the test had twice as many friction blisters as those wearing acrylic socks, and the cotton wearers had blisters which were three times bigger than the blisters sustained by those wearing acrylic socks. This study contradicts the long-taught, but never proven theory that cotton socks are the best for athletes. (Medical Tribune 30(4)3,26, February 9, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

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COHABITATION/DIVORCE
Couples who live together prior to marriage are more likely to divorce after marriage than those who do not, according to a study conducted by the Center for Demography and Ecology at the University of Wisconsin. Many have argued that "trial marriages" would determine whether or not a couple could live together, but this study does not support that theory.
Couples in the study were observed 10 years after their weddings. Thirty-eight percent of those who had lived together had separated, compared to twenty-seven percent of those who had not cohabited.
Those with less education are more likely to have live-in arrangements.
The researchers caution that the reasons for the higher divorce rate are not clearly understood. It may be that those who are willing to enter into this type of arrangement may view marriage differently than others. (Atlanta Constitution, June 9, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

SLEEP LOSS/LEARNING
Carlyle Smith, professor of psychology at Trent University in Petersborough, Ontario, Canada, reports that students who party all night on the weekend may lose much of what they have studied hard all week to learn. Even mild sleep loss may be adequate to disrupt learning. Merely skewing the sleep cycle by two hours (staying up later than usual one night and sleeping in the next morning) may lead to the loss of about 30 percent of the material studied. Sleep loss as much as three nights after learning material may cause the loss of about one-third of that material. (Gwinnett Daily News, June 25, 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

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CREAMS/CONDOMS
Baby oil, petrolatum, lotions, handcreams, and various oils used to lubricate condoms may cause them to break within a minute of being applied according to a recent study. The researchers recommend the use of KY jelly and nonoxynol-9 containing contraceptive gels. (Medical Times, July 1989) Copyright Phylis Austin

BOTTLED WATER
Some health-conscious people are buying bottled water to avoid contaminants in ordinary tap water. However, researchers point out that it cannot be assumed that bottled water is entirely safe. Bottled water may contain the very same bacteria found in tap water, and the longer the water is stored, the greater opportunity the bacteria have to multiply. Bottled water is not kept refrigerated, and the warm storage temperatures provide a favorable environment for bacterial growth. Bottle caps may be contaminated at the time of bottling, and often no attempt is made to disinfect the water or the container the water is bottled in. The longer water is bottled the greater the risk of bacterial growth. The researchers suggest that bottled water be dated, as many foods are, so that the consumer can have some idea of how old the water is. (The Physician and Sportsmedicine 18(1)49, January 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SUBLIMINAL TAPES
Michael Walker of the Toledo Audiology Clinic reports that subliminal tapes are ineffective. Subliminal tapes are advertised everywhere, and are available on a wide variety of subjects. Some people who claim benefit from these tapes may be reacting to a placebo effect, according to psychologist Dr. Timothy Moore of York University's Glendon College in Toronto, Canada. (Your Health, 29(5)33, February 27, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

SURGICAL SPONGES LEFT IN PATIENTS
Previous studies have suggested that surgical sponges are left in patients following operations in about one of every one thousand cases. A recent review done by Dr. William Rappaport of the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center suggests that the problem is far more common than the earlier statistics suggest. Surgical sponges are gauze sheets which are used to wipe up blood and fluids during surgical procedures. In recent years radiopaque materials have been placed in sponges to enable doctors to detect them by x-ray. Some people carry these surgical sponges for years without any difficulty; others develop inflammatory reactions, possibly leading to obstruction, abscess formation, or other complications. Some doctors make a practice of removing non- symptomatic sponges, others leave them until they produce symptoms. (Archives of Surgery 125:405-407, March 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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NEGLIGENCE/INJURIES/DEATHS/HOSPITALS
A study done by Harvard Medical School researchers revealed that of 2.7 million people hospitalized in New York in one year, 3.7 percent of the people suffered injury from medical intervention, and of that group, 27.6 percent suffered the injury because of the negligence on the part of the people administering their medical care. One percent of all the patients in the study suffered injury that prolonged their hospital stay or disability because of negligence. Over 70 percent of those injuries produced disability which persisted for less than six months, but 9 percent suffered disability lasting more than six months. More than 13,000 patients (14 percent) died at least in part as a direct or indirect result of the negligence. (Public Citizen Health Research Group 6(4)4-5, April 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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LICE
Lice treatments currently available on the market are all toxic. Dr. Edward Gaber of Metairie, Louisiana reports success in the treatment of head lice by applying mineral oil to the scalp, allowing it to remain for ten minutes, then thoroughly washing it out. The lice are suffocated by the oil, then may be combed out of the hair with a fine-toothed comb. The treatment should be repeated three, seven and ten days after the initial treatment. Heating the mineral oil slightly before applying it to the head may make the treatment more comfortable to the child. (Emergency Medicine 22(10)32, May 30, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

TAR REMOVAL
Removing tar from the skin can be very difficult without the proper equipment. Dr. Adin Levine says that regular mayonnaise is the solution to the problem. Apply the mayonnaise, allow it to soak for a few minutes, and then gently scratch the tar off. Dr. Levine reports that the low cholesterol mayonnaises and those of a salad- dressing nature are not as effective as regular mayonnaise. (Emergency Medicine 22(10)32, May 30, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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GENTIAN VIOLET
Gentian violet is commonly used for a number of minor medical problems, and even in the treatment of candida infections. Numerous studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated that it causes cancer. Gentian violet has been found to cause chromosome damage, and laboratory animals exposed to it demonstrated increased rates of several types of cancers. (Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 30:65, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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AMERICAN RED CROSS/BLOOD SAFETY
Recent reports suggest that the record keeping system currently used by the American Red Cross is inadequate to ensure a safe blood supply. A Food and Drug Administration investigator conducted a month-long study, after which she described the system as "inadequate." The Washington Red Cross had been notified of over 200 possible transfusion-related AIDS cases, but only four of these cases had been reported to the National Red Cross office, and none of them were reported to the Food and Drug Administration.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has received reports of approximately 3,500 transfusion-associated AIDS cases, most of which occurred before 1985, when screening became routine. The CDC estimated that even with screening the risk of HIV infection is 1 in 40,000 transfused units. (American Medical News, July 27, 1990, p. 1, 38) Copyright Phylis Austin

SILVER AMALGAM DENTAL FILLINGS
Dental fillings of amalgam have recently been implicated as a cause of health problems. Two studies on laboratory animals suggest that mercury released from these fillings may cause significant health problems. Sheep demonstrated decreased kidney function after having 12 fillings placed, and monkeys had changes in the digestive tract bacteria after fillings. (The Physiologist, August 15, 1990, p. A116) Copyright Phylis Austin

TIGHT COLLARS/BRAIN BLOOD FLOW
Men who wear tight collars or neckties may have reduced blood flow to the head, which is sufficient to decrease the brain's ability to function. The researchers conclude that two-thirds of men wear collars which are too tight, and 12 percent wear their collars tight enough to hinder blood flow. (Human Factors 29:67-71, February 1987) Copyright Phylis Austin

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY/TASTE
Many elderly people complain of loss of taste, making eating much less enjoyable. A study from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland, reveals that regular physical activity may help elderly individuals maintain their sense of taste. (The Gerontologist 30:83A, October, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

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VIDEO GAMES
Almost every American home with children has one or more video games. Many of these portray violence and anti-social behavior. Parents should be aware of the impact of video games (and television in general) on their children and should provide adequate parental supervision in the use of these items.
It has been shown that people who are repeatedly exposed to pornographic material come to view rape as less destructive than before the pornography exposure. These influences on children may produce long-term adverse behavior patterns.
Children have been observed to mimic the behavior of video characters. How many video games portray the character traits you would like for your children to develop?
Most video games are violent in nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that children who view violence on television are more likely to behave in a violent manner afterward.
Parents need to supervise their children's use of television and video games. (Contemporary Pediatrics 7(10)80-98, October 1990) Generally they should be labeled a waste of valuable childhood time. Copyright Phylis Austin

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DIVERTICULAR DISEASE/NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
People who have diverticular disease may be at increased risk of developing such severe complications as abscess and inflammation of the peritoneum if they use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (British Journal of Surgery 78:190-191, February, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

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AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX(AFI)/WATER INTAKE
A decreased amniotic fluid index (AFI) is often associated with a higher risk of labor complications and/or cesarean delivery. A fascinating new study suggests that merely drinking water may increase the AFI, and increase amniotic fluid volume. (American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 164(1 Part 2)361, January 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

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HICCUPS
Dr. Philip Reading of Sussex, England, provides us with still another hiccup cure--plugging your ears with your fingers for twenty seconds. (The Lancet 338:187-188, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

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HOSPITAL COSTS
Patients admitted to teaching hospitals have greater expenses than those admitted to nonteaching hospitals, despite minor differences in the severity of their symptoms. (Journal of the American Medical Association 264(11) 1426-1431, September 19, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

GENITAL HERPES SPREAD/SYMPTOMS
It has been commonly believed that avoiding sexual activity during symptomatic episodes will prevent the spread of genital herpes. A study of 144 heterosexual couples revealed that almost ten percent of them developed the disease, even though they avoided sexual activity during symptomatic episodes. Women seemed to catch the herpes more readily than did men; 16.9 percent of the women whose partners were infected developed the disease, while only 3.8 percent of the men did. (Annals of Internal Medicine 116:197-202, February 1, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

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RELAXATION METHODS
A warm or hot bath or a long walk produces as much stress relief as do the complicated "meditation" techniques. Deep breathing, listening to music, or just puttering around the house help many to relieve stress. The beneficial effects of meditation techniques may be attributed to the fact that the faithful practice it regularly, some twice a day. (Edell Health Letter 11(3)3, March 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

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BALLOONS/BRONCHITIS
Chronic bronchitis sufferers may improve their lung function by blowing up balloons. Patients in a study group were asked to blow up a balloon forty times a day for eight weeks. The patients who were faithful in the program reported less breathlessness, improved walking distance, and a general improvement in well-being. (British Medical Journal 304:166901670, June 27, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

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ESTROGEN BENEFITS
Estrogen has been advocated as a benefit to postmenopausal woman, but a new study from San Diego, California suggests that this may not be the case. They observe that women who took estrogen also practiced a number of other good health practices, which may actually be responsible for the benefits attributed to the use of estrogen.
A study of over 1,000 women revealed that estrogen users were more likely to have adopted a diet lower in fat, reduced salt intake, increased exercise levels, and had their cholesterol levels monitored. They were more likely to have undergone pap smears, mammograms, and had rectal exams than were non-estrogen users. (Annals of Internal Medicine 115:455-456, September 15, 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

THIGH THINNER
A piece of exercise equipment advertised on television led to the hospitalization of one woman who used it. The device advertised held between the knees and squeezed by pulling the knees together. A 30-year-old woman purchased the product and used it for 15 minutes a day for approximately six weeks. She developed swelling and pain in her right thigh, with fever, tenderness, redness and swelling of the right thigh. She had pain on movement of the right hip, due to fluid in the hip joint. Symptoms subsided when she stopped use of the exerciser. (New England Journal of Medicine 326(15)1030, April 9, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

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HUMIDIFICATION/BRONCHIECTASIS
Bronchiectasis patients are given postural drainage in an attempt to loosen and remove lung secretions. A recent study from Southampton General Hospital reveals that patients who received 30 minutes of humidified air before their postural drainage were able to excrete larger amounts of sputum than those given just postural drainage. The researchers feel that breathing humidified air prior to postural drainage may greatly benefit bronchiectasis patients. (Respiratory Medicine 86:109-114, 1992) We have found similar benefits from giving the patient two eight-ounce cups of water to drink. Copyright Phylis Austin

ANTI-SNORING PILLOW
A small crescent-shaped pillow placed under the chin and secured with Velcro bands keeps the chin elevated and prevents snoring. E. L. C. Broomes, M.D., of East Chicago, Indiana, tested over 200 subjects and all of them reported that the pillow was effective in reducing their snoring. (Cortlandt Forum, November 1992, p. 56) Copyright Phylis Austin

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HUMIDIFICATION/BRONCHIECTASIS
Bronchiectasis patients are given postural drainage in an attempt to loosen and remove lung secretions. A recent study from Southampton General Hospital reveals that patients who received 30 minutes of humidified air before their postural drainage were able to excrete larger amounts of sputum than those given just postural drainage. The researchers feel that breathing humidified air prior to postural drainage may greatly benefit bronchiectasis patients. (Respiratory Medicine 86:109-114, 1992) We have found similar benefits from giving the patient two eight-ounce cups of water to drink. Copyright Phylis Austin

ANTI-SNORING PILLOW
A small crescent-shaped pillow placed under the chin and secured with Velcro bands keeps the chin elevated and prevents snoring. E. L. C. Broomes, M.D., of East Chicago, Indiana, tested over 200 subjects and all of them reported that the pillow was effective in reducing their snoring. (Cortlandt Forum, November 1992, p. 56) Copyright Phylis Austin

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DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES
The General Accounting Office has issued two reports urging that the Environmental Protection Agency revise their policy of notifying the public of pollutants in public water supplies.
Under the current regulations, only about one-third of possibly serious contamination of water supplies were made public.
The Government Accounting Office has reported that small water systems often do not comply with even the present standards, and the public is unaware of potentially serious problems. Furthermore, when the public is notified of a problem it is often in terms which only the college educated are likely to understand and the public is not given guidance on what measures they should take to protect themselves. (American Medical News 35(35)8, September 21, 1992) Copyright Phylis Austin

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PLANTS/WELL BEING
Many gardeners report that garden work reduces stress, and makes them more productive. Patients in mental hospitals and prisoners benefit from caring for plants, as do nursing home residents. Caring for plants seems to increase one's feeling of self-worth and improve one's outlook on life.
Studies done at Texas A&M University demonstrate that viewing movies of natural scenery assists in rapid recovery from stressful experiences.
Some businesses are now installing indoor gardens to improve morale and productivity in their workers. (American Health, May 1993, p. 36) Copyright Phylis Austin

MALARIA THERAPY
Researchers at the University of Miami are evaluating the effectiveness of a special diet in the treatment of malaria. Laboratory animals given a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids and low in vitamin E appeared to be cured of malaria. Vitamin E seems to protect the malaria cell membranes, while the omega-3 weakens them. Studies are now being done on Chinese malaria victims who have not responded to the usual drug treatment. (Medical Tribune 34(13)3, July 8, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

DOCTOR VISITS/STAPH INFECTIONS
Health care providers who fail to wash their hands or clean their instruments between patients may spread staph and other infections, according to recent reports. It was known twenty years ago that stethoscopes could carry staphylococci from one patient to another. Two out of 29 physicians interviewed cleaned their stethoscopes "periodically." Twenty-six of the 29 stethoscopes checked carried bacteria. Just a simple wiping with a cotton ball saturated with alcohol decreased bacterial counts about 97 percent.
A similar study evaluated the likelihood of bacteria spread from otoscopes (the instruments used to examine the ears). Ninety-three percent of the otoscopes checked had bacteria on them. Seventy- eight percent of the physicians in the study reported that they did not clean their earpieces between patient examinations.
Ask your physician what his instrument cleaning procedures are. (Natural Healing Newsletter 5(53)1,8, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

TONSILLECTOMY/ADENOIDECTOMY
Indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are controversial, but a recent report indicates that non-medical factors play a role in the likelihood that a child will be subjected to these procedures. The researchers observed that children who lived in high income areas, those who lived close to the hospitals, and those who lived in parts of the country with high hospital bed supplies were more likely to undergo inpatient tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy than were other children. (Pediatric Research 33(4 Part 2)88A, April 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

HEATED WATER TREATMENT/PERENNIAL RHINITIS
Aerosolized water at 39 degrees C. inhaled for 10 to 30 minutes significantly reduced symptoms for 10 to 12 hours in a group of rhinitis sufferers. (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 91(1 Pt 2)190, January 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

PARAFFIN
Paraffin is an effective method of applying heat to the body. It is often helpful in providing pain relief and is used in skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Heat from warm paraffin penetrates the skin to warm underlying muscles and joints, and is soothing in arthritis, bursitis, scar tissue, tendinitis, sore muscles and sports injuries. Because paraffin molds to the shape of the body it may be applied to any body part.
Some precautions are necessary however. First, paraffin is flammable. Paraffin should not be applied over open wounds or skin infections. The authors of this article caution against the use of paraffin in patients suffering from diabetes, high blood pressure, heart problems, or varicose veins. They also state that paraffin should not be applied directly over the area of the heart.
While paraffin applications are in place the therapist should watch for unusual redness of the skin, excessive sweating, indications of dehydration, or change in respiratory pattern.
Remove rings or other jewelry before applying paraffin, and avoid paraffin applications over any metal replacement part such as artificial joints. These may become overheated, damaging nearby tissues. (Massage (46)31-32, November-December, 1993) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SCIENCE/HEALTH ABSTRACTS

HEALTH HABITS/GOOD HEALTH
A study of almost 7,000 Alameda County, California residents suggests that good health habits lead to good health. More than 25 years ago, Lester Breslow, M.D. defined seven health habits that had a significant impact on one's health. A recent review indicates that these same habits still produce the same benefits. The health habits Dr. Breslow examined were (1) avoiding excessive alcohol use (2) not smoking, (3) avoiding overweight, (4) getting adequate sleep (5) participating in regular physical exercise (6) not eating between meals and (7) eating breakfast. (Your Health, August 24, 1993, p. 15) Copyright Phylis Austin

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WALKING/BONE DENSITY
Walking slows the rate of bone loss in the legs of postmenopausal women. A study of healthy postmenopausal women revealed that those who walk approximately one mile a day have higher bone density than non-walkers. (American Journal of Medicine 96:20-26, January, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

SWIMMER'S EAR
Youngsters who are troubled by swimmer's ear may benefit from blowing up a balloon three or four times after they get out of the water. Pressure changes in the ear may move water out of the ear canal. (Your Health, April 5, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

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PRESCRIPTIONS BY DEMAND
A study from Harvard Medical School reveals that many prescriptions are written in response to patient demand and many others are inappropriate because the physician does not have access to unbiased drug information. A flood of new drugs come on the market every year, and the only way physicians learn about most of these drugs is from the drug representative sent by the manufacturing company. (Internal Medicine World Report 5(20)1, 14, 15, November 15-30, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

SLEEP PROBLEMS/INSOMNIA
If you have trouble sleeping don't reach for the over-the-counter sleep medication or make an appointment with your doctor until you have tried some simple suggestions. A study of people complaining of sleep problems suggests that these people spend too much time in bed. Sleep problems often disappear when the patients stop using their beds for anything but sleep. The subjects in the study group were instructed not to read, watch television, or eat in bed, and were to get out of bed if they were unable to sleep. This allowed the body to associate being in bed with sleeping, and made it easier for them to get to sleep when they did go to bed. (Mayo Clinic Proceedings 65:869-82, 1990) Copyright Phylis Austin

HICCUPS
Dr. Kevin Kessler, a Scarsdale, New York physician reports success in the treatment of many cases of persistent hiccups by instructing the sufferer to take one-quarter mouthful of cool water, hold it at the back of the throat, and extend the neck with the mouth open. After maintaining that position for 5 to 10 seconds, the sufferer should swallow the water.
If help is available the hiccup sufferer may gulp a glass of water while someone else holds their ears closed. (Emergency Medicine, August 15, 1990, p. 179) Copyright Phylis Austin

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CAROB
Many people purchase their candy bars at the health food store, and choose carob rather than chocolate. Manufacturers of these so- called "healthy" candy bars do not tell you that they often add hydrogenated palm kernel oil to the carob. While cocoa butter contains about 60 percent saturated fat, hydrogenated palm kernel oil contains about 85 percent saturated fat. (University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter 10(10)1, July 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SAFE SEX?
A recent study by the National Institute of Mental Health showed that natural killer cell production decreased for at least two hours after sexual activity, and antibody production was lower for at least one week afterwards. It may be that sexual activity may decrease the immune system's effectiveness. (Modern Medicine 59:36, January 1991) Copyright Phylis Austin

COMPETITIVE SPORTS/MORAL REASONING
A 40-year study has indicated that the longer athletes participate in competitive sports the less capable they are of moral reasoning. "Results of this study suggest that something in sport that affects cognitive moral growth of high school athletes." (Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 65(1)A94, March 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

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SLEEP/SNORING
A mechanical nasal dilator may effectively reduce snoring, and increase the sense of well-being and alertness during the day.
After one week of observation to establish baseline scores twenty subjects with a history of snoring and other sleep disturbances were given Breathe Right nasal dilators. During the week of use subjects and their bed partners were asked to record daytime sleepiness, refreshing quality of sleep, ease of breathing, ability to concentrate during the morning, number of nighttime awakenings, ability to fall asleep, snoring loudness, movement during sleep, and total sleep time. Most reported improvement in breathing ease, morning sleepiness, morning concentration, quality of sleep and fewer nighttime awakenings. Bed partners reported less body movement and less snoring.
The Breathe Right nasal dilator is an adhesive strip which is applied across the bridge of the nose to slightly open the nasal passages. They are available in many drugstores. (ENT Journal 73(6)395-401, June, 1994)
Breathe with EEZ Corporation also produces Breathe with EEZ, a dilator which is placed inside the nose. These sell for about $20, but are reusable. The adhesive strips are sold for one time use.
Breathe with EEZ Corporation is at 300 Liberty Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11207; Breathe Right is produced by CNS, Inc., 1250 Park Road, Chanhassen, MN 55317-9260. Copyright Phylis Austin

WALKING VS JOGGING
A six month study comparing joggers and brisk walkers revealed that brisk walking is as effective as jogging in reducing body fat and improving endurance. The subjects in the walking group suffered less muscle soreness and fewer exercise related injuries. (Annals of Epidemiology 4:375-381, September, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

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AMALGAM/WATER SUPPLIES
Several large cities are concerned that amalgam discharges from dental offices may be entering the public water supply, and pose a risk to the population. (American Dental Association News 25(4)1, 12, February 21, 1994) Copyright Phylis Austin

MUSIC/INTELLIGENCE
University of California at Irvine researchers report that listening to Mozart's music increased spatial I.Q. scores in their study subjects. A follow-up study of toddlers indicated that those who took music lessons were better able to recognize variations in the position and shape of objects. (Your Health 34(2)4, January 24, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

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CRYPTORCHIDISM
Cryptorchidism, a failure of one or both testes to descend into normal position in the scrotum, may lead to infertility and is felt by some to increase the risk of testicular cancer. The causes of cryptorchidism have not been clearly defined, but a study of nearly 7,000 males indicated that cryptorchidism was more frequent in infants of obese mothers, for those delivered by cesarean section, for low birthweight males, for preterm delivery, and for infants with congenital malformations. (Epidemiology 6:127-131, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

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MUSIC TRAINING/BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Children who learn to play stringed musical instruments before the age of 12 have greater development of the brain cortex and more brain activity. Those who learned later also had increased development, but the changes were as marked as in the early beginners. (Science 270(5234)305-307, 237, October 13, 1995) Copyright Phylis Austin

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MELATONIN
Melatonin, the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, which helps to regulate the body's circadian rhythms, is currently being advocated in the treatment or prevention of numerous diseases including several types of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, jet lag, osteoporosis, heart problems and cirrhosis. Books touting the benefits are appearing on bookstore shelves; articles in health magazines are prolific.
Many questions regarding the safety and effectiveness of melatonin remain to be answered. The first is the safety of the source. Two kinds of melatonin are available, one of which contains pineal gland from animals (cow's brain). The safety of any animal product is cause for concern.
Appropriate dosage remains an unanswered question. Some feel that less than 0.5 mg is an appropriate dose, but the tablets sold generally contain 2 to 3 mg.
It is possible that taking supplementary melatonin will cause the body to produce less on its own -- certainly an unwanted reaction.
Adverse effects now known including memory loss, chronic grogginess, nausea, headaches, fatigue, and possibly infertility. Melatonin may reduce follicle-stimulating hormone levels. (Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is the hormone which causes the ovary to release eggs.) A recent study showed that women with ovarian cancer had lower levels of FSH.
Pregnant mice given melatonin had a high rate of embryo death.
There are steps one can take to encourage natural melatonin production, decreasing the risk of adverse effects. Light exposure causes the pineal gland to produce more melatonin. The light exposure should be early in the day; not in the evening. Foods high in niacinamide, vitamin B-6, calcium, and magnesium, and antioxidants may assist in melatonin production. (What Doctors Don't Tell You 6(11)1-4, March 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

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FOOT CRAMPS
Rolling a golf ball against the arch of your foot will often provide quick relief for foot cramps. (Bottom Line Personal 17(8)11, April 15, 1996) Copyright Phylis Austin

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GROWTH HORMONE REPLACEMENT
Growth hormone is being promoted to increase longevity, stimulate muscle growth and strength, and improve mental ability. A six-month follow-up of healthy elderly men given growth hormone demonstrated an increase in lean tissue mass, but no resultant improvement in functional ability. Furthermore, 77 percent of the growth hormone group developed adverse effects including edema, joint pain, high blood pressure, angina, or heart attack. (Annals of Internal Medicine 124:708-716, April 15, 1996) Ed Comment- A year's dose of growth hormone may cost $12,000. Going to bed three hours before midnight, even if you sleep only three hours after midnight will give you about twice as much growth hormone as six hours of sleep all taken after midnight. Copyright Phylis Austin

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NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES/GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE OF PREGNANCY
Pregnant women who have low levels of potassium, pyridoxine (vitamin B-6), chromium and magnesium may be at increased risk of gestational diabetes. Each of these substances are necessary for optimal pancreatic insulin production. (Journal of the American College of Nutrition 15(1)14-20, 1996)
It is estimated that gestational diabetes occurs in three to six percent of pregnant Americans. Copyright Phylis Austin

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